[Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub>RISE IN JURKAT E6‐1 CELL LINES FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES AS A RESPONSE TO 50Hz MAGNETIC FIELD EXPOSURE IS A REPRODUCIBLE EFFECT AND INDEPENDENT OF POLY‐<scp>l</scp>‐LYSINE TREATMENT

Mattsson, Mats‐Olof; Lindström, Erica; Still, Maria; Lindström, Per; Mild, Kjell Hansson; Lundgren, Erik

doi:10.1006/cbir.2001.0774

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It may very well be that different calcium channels are responsible for the weaker electric field effects we describe. However, there have been reports where alterations in internal calcium levels in cultured T-cell lines were seen in response to exposure to 50 Hz, 0.15 mT magnetic fields (Lindstrom et al, 1993;Mattsson et al, 2001). Interestingly, in these experiments it could not be ruled out that the effects were due to induced electric fields at or below 50 mV/m.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Real-Time Control of Neutrophil Metabolism by Very Weak Ultra-Low Frequency Pulsed Magnetic Fields

Rosenspire

Kindzelskii

Simon

et al. 2005

Biophysical Journal

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In adherent and motile neutrophils NAD(P)H concentration, flavoprotein redox potential, and production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, are all periodic and exhibit defined phase relationships to an underlying metabolic oscillation of approximately 20 s. Utilizing fluorescence microscopy, we have shown in real-time, on the single cell level, that the system is sensitive to externally applied periodically pulsed weak magnetic fields matched in frequency to the metabolic oscillation. Depending upon the phase relationship of the magnetic pulses to the metabolic oscillation, the magnetic pulses serve to either increase the amplitude of the NAD(P)H and flavoprotein oscillations, and the rate of production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide or, alternatively, collapse the metabolic oscillations and curtail production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. Significantly, we demonstrate that the cells do not directly respond to the magnetic fields, but instead are sensitive to the electric fields which the pulsed magnetic fields induce. These weak electric fields likely tap into an endogenous signaling pathway involving calcium channels in the plasma membrane. We estimate that the threshold which induced electric fields must attain to influence cell metabolism is of the order of 10(-4) V/m.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Real-Time Control of Neutrophil Metabolism by Very Weak Ultra-Low Frequency Pulsed Magnetic Fields

Rosenspire

Kindzelskii

Simon

et al. 2005

Biophysical Journal

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“…Resting cytosolic free calcium is generally maintained at very low levels ($100 nM) [Mattsson et al, 2001] with calcium influx to the cytoplasm being controlled by a variety of Ca 2þ channels both on the plasma and intracellular membranes. An assortment of Ca 2þ channels exist on the plasma membrane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calcium ions are important second messengers involved in a number of signal transduction pathways, which include muscle contraction, secretion, neuronal excitability, metabolism, cell proliferation, and cell death. Resting cytosolic free calcium is generally maintained at very low levels ($100 nM) [Mattsson et al, 2001] with calcium influx to the cytoplasm being controlled by a variety of Ca 2þ channels both on the plasma and intracellular membranes. An assortment of Ca 2þ channels exist on the plasma membrane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real‐time measurement of cytosolic free calcium concentration in HL‐60 cells during static magnetic field exposure and activation by ATP

Belton

Commerford

Hall

et al. 2008

Bioelectromagnetics

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Calcium ions are involved in a number of important signal transduction pathways in cells. Cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](c)) can be affected by the activation of Ca(2+) channels through the action of ligands such as ATP. The response of [Ca(2+)](c) to ligands may be affected by external factors like magnetic fields. The purpose of this study was to determine if exposure to a static magnetic field (SMF) for 800 s altered the [Ca(2+)](c) response to ATP in undifferentiated HL-60 cells. We sham exposed or field exposed fura-2 loaded HL-60 cells to a SMF of 1, 10, and 100 mT. Cells were activated with ATP 300 s into the exposure. The level of [Ca(2+)](c) was followed before, during, and after field or sham exposure with a ratiometric fluorescence spectroscopy system. It was found that high concentrations of ATP resulted in greater [Ca(2+)](c) responses, but faster recovery to near basal levels. The application of 1, 10, or 100 mT SMF did not affect the [Ca(2+)](c) response to ATP. Future work could examine the effect of a longer SMF exposure on the [Ca(2+)](c) response to ATP. Longer exposures might provide sufficient time for morphological changes in the plasma membrane to occur.

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“…Numerous studies have addressed the interaction between EMF and calcium fluxes, because calcium is a principal regulator of several cellular processes. Modulations in intracellular Ca 2+ concentrations during exposure to EMF were reported by various investigators [Liburdy et al, 1993a; Lindström et al, 1993; Löschinger et al, 1999; Mattsson et al, 2001]. It has been concluded that modulation of intracellular Ca 2+ concentrations is possible only in stimulated immune cells [Walleczek, 1992].…”

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confidence: 96%

Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields as effectors of cellular responses in vitro: Possible immune cell activation

Simkó

Mattsson

2004

J of Cellular Biochemistry

213

141

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There is presently an intense discussion if electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure has consequences for human health. This include exposure to structures and appliances that emit in the extremely low frequency (ELF) range of the electromagnetic spectrum, as well as emission coming from communication devices using the radiofrequency part of the spectrum. Biological effects of such exposures have been noted frequently, although the implication for specific health effects is not that clear. The basic interaction mechanism(s) between such fields and living matter is unknown. Numerous hypotheses have been suggested, although none is convincingly supported by experimental data. Various cellular components, processes, and systems can be affected by EMF exposure. Since it is unlikely that EMF can induce DNA damage directly, most studies have examined EMF effects on the cell membrane level, general and specific gene expression, and signal transduction pathways. In addition, a large number of studies have been performed regarding cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, cell differentiation, metabolism, and various physiological characteristics of cells. Although 50/60 Hz EMF do not directly lead to genotoxic effects, it is possible that certain cellular processes altered by exposure to EMF indirectly affect the structure of DNA causing strand breaks and other chromosomal aberrations. The aim of this article is to present a hypothesis of a possible initial cellular event affected by exposure to ELF EMF, an event which is compatible with the multitude of effects observed after exposure. Based on an extensive literature review, we suggest that ELF EMF exposure is able to perform such activation by means of increasing levels of free radicals. Such a general activation is compatible with the diverse nature of observed effects. Free radicals are intermediates in natural processes like mitochondrial metabolism and are also a key feature of phagocytosis. Free radical release is inducible by ionizing radiation or phorbol ester treatment, both leading to genomic instability. EMF might be a stimulus to induce an "activated state" of the cell such as phagocytosis, which then enhances the release of free radicals, in turn leading to genotoxic events. We envisage that EMF exposure can cause both acute and chronic effects that are mediated by increased free radical levels: (1) Direct activation of, for example macrophages (or other cells) by short-term exposure to EMF leads to phagocytosis (or other cell specific responses) and consequently, free radical production. This pathway may be utilized to positively influence certain aspects of the immune response, and could be useful for specific therapeutic applications. (2) EMF-induced macrophage (cell) activation includes direct stimulation of free radical production. (3) An increase in the lifetime of free radicals by EMF leads to persistently elevated free radical concentrations. In general, reactions in which radicals are involved become more frequent, increasing the possibility of DNA d...

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[Ca²⁺]_iRISE IN JURKAT E6‐1 CELL LINES FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES AS A RESPONSE TO 50Hz MAGNETIC FIELD EXPOSURE IS A REPRODUCIBLE EFFECT AND INDEPENDENT OF POLY‐l‐LYSINE TREATMENT

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Real-Time Control of Neutrophil Metabolism by Very Weak Ultra-Low Frequency Pulsed Magnetic Fields

Real-Time Control of Neutrophil Metabolism by Very Weak Ultra-Low Frequency Pulsed Magnetic Fields

Real‐time measurement of cytosolic free calcium concentration in HL‐60 cells during static magnetic field exposure and activation by ATP

Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields as effectors of cellular responses in vitro: Possible immune cell activation

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[Ca2+]iRISE IN JURKAT E6‐1 CELL LINES FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES AS A RESPONSE TO 50Hz MAGNETIC FIELD EXPOSURE IS A REPRODUCIBLE EFFECT AND INDEPENDENT OF POLY‐l‐LYSINE TREATMENT

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Real-Time Control of Neutrophil Metabolism by Very Weak Ultra-Low Frequency Pulsed Magnetic Fields

Real-Time Control of Neutrophil Metabolism by Very Weak Ultra-Low Frequency Pulsed Magnetic Fields

Real‐time measurement of cytosolic free calcium concentration in HL‐60 cells during static magnetic field exposure and activation by ATP

Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields as effectors of cellular responses in vitro: Possible immune cell activation

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Product

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[Ca²⁺]_iRISE IN JURKAT E6‐1 CELL LINES FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES AS A RESPONSE TO 50Hz MAGNETIC FIELD EXPOSURE IS A REPRODUCIBLE EFFECT AND INDEPENDENT OF POLY‐l‐LYSINE TREATMENT