C5a- and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced leukocytosis occurs independently of beta 2 integrins and L-selectin: differential effects on neutrophil adhesion molecule expression in vivo

Abstract

We previously demonstrated in rabbits that various neutrophil chemotactic factors share an ability to induce recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from bone marrow when administered intravenously (Jagels and Hugli, J Immunol 148:1119, 1992). In the study reported here, we investigated the effects of chemotactic factors on the expression of beta 2 integrins and L-selectin in vivo and the roles of these adhesionmolecules in the recruitment process. Leukocytosis was induced by infusion of either C5a (5 micrograms/kg), N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-MLP; 2.5 micrograms/kg), or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha; 100 ng/kg). C5a increased the expression of CD18 (the common subunit of beta 2 integrins) on PMN by nearly twofold and decreased levels of L-selectin by 50% within 15 minutes after administration. Levels of beta 2 integrins returned to baseline 2 to 3 hours after induction of leukocytosis. L-selectin remained depressed for more than 5 hours, demonstrating that shedding was induced in the recruited bone marrow leukocytes as well as in circulating PMN. In contrast to the response to C5a, TNF-alpha did not cause upregulation of CD18 or shedding of L-selectin. Levels of L-selectin were consistently increased 60 minutes after administration of TNF-alpha, coinciding with a rapid rise in the number of band-form PMN in the circulation. Intact IgG and F(ab)2 forms of the anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody IB4 or the anti-L-selectin antibody DREG-200 were administered intravenously 15 minutes before induction of leukocytosis by the chemotactic factors. Neither IB4 nor its F(ab)2 fragments blocked leukocytosis induced by C5a, f-MLP, or TNF-alpha. DREG-200 also did not block leukocytosis induced by f-MLP, C5a, or TNF-alpha. These results suggest that leukocyte emigration from the bone marrow into the circulation proceeds through interactions distinct from those involved in neutrophil chemotaxis and diapedesis. Shedding of L-selectin from C5a-recruited bone marrow leukocytes demonstrates activation of these cells in the recruitment process and may reflect a potential mechanism for their release. The dissimilar effects of C5a and TNF-alpha on expression of adhesion molecules may result from distinct stimulatory pathways and suggests differential activation states for cellular recruitment by these inflammatory factors.

Neutrophil mobilization and clearance in the bone marrow

“…into rabbits and mice, indicating that such factors can create chemotactic gradients from the blood across the sinusoidal endothelium, thereby driving neutrophil exit from the bone marrow. [8][9][10] We developed an in situ perfusion system of the rat and mouse femoral bone marrow to directly investigate the factors and mechanisms regulating neutrophil mobilization from the bone marrow. In this system the femoral artery is cannulated to allow direct infusion of buffer and reagents into the bone marrow vasculature.…”

Mechanisms of Leukocyte Sequestration in Inflamed Lungs

“…Mediators that induce release are potent activators of neutrophils. All but TNF-␣ are chemotaxins and induce neutropenia within 5 minutes (72)(73)(74)127). Inhibitors of protein synthesis or LTB4 production did not prevent release (74), suggesting that these inflammatory mediators act directly on the bone marrow.…”

The NET, the trap and the pathogen: neutrophil extracellular traps in cutaneous immunity

“…Under steady-state conditions, human blood granulocytes have an average half-life of 6.6 h (4) resulting in a turnover of~1 9 10 9 cells/kg per day (5,6). However, during an inflammatory response, release of leucocytes from the bone marrow is enhanced (7,8), the neutrophil half-life increases by several fold (9), and chemotactic factors guide neutrophils to the site of inflammation (10)(11)(12)(13). At inflammatory sites, neutrophils secrete de novo synthetized, as well as prestored cytokines to attract other immune cells [reviewed by Sheshachalam et al (14) and Amulic et al (15)].…”