C4 photosynthesis: principles of CO2 concentration and prospects for its introduction into C3 plants

Leegood, Richard C.

doi:10.1093/jexbot/53.369.581

Cited by 227 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 73 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

152

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This was also true for the genes related to the reassimilation of photorespiratory ammonium by the plastidic Gln synthase and the ferredoxin-dependent Glu synthase but not for the transporters DiT1 and DiT2, which catalyze the 2-oxoglutarate/Glu exchange across the plastid membrane (see above). Flux through the photorespiratory pathway is reduced in C 4 plants compared with C 3 plants (Leegood, 2002;Sage, 2004), and, at least for this pathway, transcript abundance mirrors flux this article).…”

Section: Cycle Genes Are Strongly Upregulated In the C 4 Flaveriasmentioning

confidence: 61%

Evolution of C4 Photosynthesis in the GenusFlaveria: How Many and Which Genes Does It Take to Make C4?

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Selective pressure exerted by a massive decline in atmospheric CO 2 levels 55 to 40 million years ago promoted the evolution of a novel, highly efficient mode of photosynthetic carbon assimilation known as C 4 photosynthesis. C 4 species have concurrently evolved multiple times in a broad range of plant families, and this multiple and parallel evolution of the complex C 4 trait indicates a common underlying evolutionary mechanism that might be elucidated by comparative analyses of related C 3 and C 4 species. Here, we use mRNA-Seq analysis of five species within the genus Flaveria, ranging from C 3 to C 3 -C 4 intermediate to C 4 species, to quantify the differences in the transcriptomes of closely related plant species with varying degrees of C 4 -associated characteristics. Single gene analysis defines the C 4 cycle enzymes and transporters more precisely and provides new candidates for yet unknown functions as well as identifies C 4 associated pathways. Molecular evidence for a photorespiratory CO 2 pump prior to the establishment of the C 4 cycle-based CO 2 pump is provided. Cluster analysis defines the upper limit of C 4 -related gene expression changes in mature leaves of Flaveria as 3582 alterations.

show abstract

Section: Cycle Genes Are Strongly Upregulated In the C 4 Flaveriasmentioning

confidence: 61%

Evolution of C4 Photosynthesis in the GenusFlaveria: How Many and Which Genes Does It Take to Make C4?

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Introduction of C 4 photosynthesis into C 3 plants is still an ultimate aim among some plant physiologists (e.g. Leegood 2002). However, there seem to be several opportunities for improved growth under water shortage that are more likely to disseminate from research to practical breeding (e.g.…”

Section: Breeding For the Future-long-term Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of crop water under drought: a review

Bodner

Nakhforoosh

Kaul

2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

401

234

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Drought is a predominant cause of low yields worldwide. There is an urgent need for more water efficient cropping systems facing large water consumption of irrigated agriculture and high unproductive losses via runoff and evaporation. Identification of yield-limiting constraints in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum are the key to improved management of plant water stress. Crop ecology provides a systematic approach for this purpose integrating soil hydrology and plant physiology into the context of crop production. We review main climate, soil and plant properties and processes that determine yield in different water-limited environments. From this analysis, management measures for cropping systems under specific drought conditions are derived. Major findings from literature analysis are as follows. (1) Unproductive water losses such as evaporation and runoff increase from continental in-season rainfall climates to storage-dependent winter rainfall climates. Highest losses occur under tropical residual moisture regimes with short intense rainy season. (2) Sites with a climatic dry season require adaptation via phenology and water saving to ensure stable yields. Intermittent droughts can be buffered via the root system, which is still largely underutilised for better stress resistance. (3) At short-term better management options such as mulching and date of seeding allow to adjust cropping systems to site constraints. Adapted cultivars can improve the synchronisation between crop water demand and soil supply. At long term, soil hydraulic and plant physiological constraints can be overcome by changing tillage systems and breeding new varieties with higher stress resistance. (4) Interactions between plant and soil, particularly in the rhizosphere, are a way towards better crop water supply. Targeted management of such plant-soil interactions is still at infancy.We conclude that understanding site-specific stress hydrology is imperative to select the most efficient measures to mitigate stress. Major progress in future can be expected from crop ecology focussing on the management of complex plant (root)-soil interactions.

show abstract

“…They are also present in many C 3 plants, but compared to the situation in C 4 species, these cells exhibit fewer chloroplasts and mitochondria (Kinsman and Pyke, 1998;Leegood, 2002). To examine whether the GLDPA promoter of F. trinervia shows a cell-specific activity in a C 3 background, we introduced the GLDPA-GUS construct into Arabidopsis.…”

Section: In Situ Rna Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gene for the P-Subunit of Glycine Decarboxylase from the C4 SpeciesFlaveria trinervia: Analysis of Transcriptional Control in TransgenicFlaveria bidentis(C4) and Arabidopsis (C3)

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Glycine decarboxylase (GDC) plays an important role in the photorespiratory metabolism of plants. GDC is composed of four subunits (P, H, L, and T) with the P-subunit (GLDP) serving as the actual decarboxylating unit. In C3 plants, GDC can be found in all photosynthetic cells, whereas in leaves of C3-C4 intermediate and C4 species its occurrence is restricted to bundle-sheath cells. The specific expression of GLDP in bundle-sheath cells might have constituted a biochemical starting point for the evolution of C4 photosynthesis. To understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for restricting GLDP expression to bundle-sheath cells, we performed a functional analysis of the GLDPA promoter from the C4 species Flaveria trinervia. Expression of a promoter-reporter gene fusion in transgenic plants of the transformable C4 species Flaveria bidentis (C4) showed that 1,571 bp of the GLDPA 5′ flanking region contain all the necessary information for the specific expression in bundle-sheath cells and vascular bundles. Interestingly, we found that the GLDPA promoter of F. trinervia exhibits a C4-like spatial activity also in the C3 plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), indicating that a mechanism for bundle-sheath-specific expression is also present in this C3 species. Using transgenic Arabidopsis, promoter deletion studies identified two regions in the GLDPA promoter, one conferring repression of gene expression in mesophyll cells and one functioning as a general transcriptional enhancer. Subsequent analyses in transgenic F. bidentis confirmed that these two segments fulfill the same function also in the C4 context.

show abstract

C4 photosynthesis: principles of CO2 concentration and prospects for its introduction into C3 plants

Cited by 227 publications

References 73 publications

Evolution of C4 Photosynthesis in the GenusFlaveria: How Many and Which Genes Does It Take to Make C4?

Evolution of C4 Photosynthesis in the GenusFlaveria: How Many and Which Genes Does It Take to Make C4?

Management of crop water under drought: a review

The Gene for the P-Subunit of Glycine Decarboxylase from the C4 SpeciesFlaveria trinervia: Analysis of Transcriptional Control in TransgenicFlaveria bidentis(C4) and Arabidopsis (C3)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About