C2 Swan band laser-induced fluorescence and chemiluminescence in low-pressure hydrocarbon flames

Smith, Gregory P.; Park, Chung; Schneiderman, Justin F.; Luque, Jorge

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.12.010

Cited by 56 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Smith et al [43] provided overall quenching rate of C * 2 . These rates were integrated into our reaction mechanism.…”

Section: Chemiluminescence Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The kinetic analysis of reaction mechanism is performed with postprocessor KINALC [48]. In addition, simulations at several experimental conditions were also performed with GRImech 3.0 [40] with added chemiluminescence and C 2 reactions set extracted from [41][42][43] (referred to as GRI3.0+CL in the present work).…”

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies include flame measurement and modeling of Smith et al [41][42][43] and shock-tube studies of Hall et al [14,15]. Smith et al presented a quantitative measurement of OH * , CH * , and C * 2 chemiluminescence in low pressure methane-air flames.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Experimental and numerical study of chemiluminescent species in low-pressure flames

et al. 2012

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Chemiluminescence has been observed since the beginning of spectroscopy, nevertheless, important facts still remain unknown. Especially, reaction pathways leading to chemiluminescent species such as OH * , CH * , C * 2 , and CO * 2 are still under debate and cannot be modeled with standard codes for flame simulation. In several cases, even the source species of spectral features observed in flames are unknown. In recent years, there has been renewed interest in chemiluminescence, since it has been shown that this radiation can be used to determine flame parameters such as stoichiometry and heat release under some conditions. In this work, we present a reaction mechanism which predicts the OH * , CH * (in A-and B-state), and C * 2 emission strength in lean to fuel-rich stoichiometries. Measurements have been performed in a set of low-pressure flames which have already been well characterized by other methods. The flame front is resolved in these measurements, which allows a comparison of shape and position of the observed chemiluminescence with the respective simulated concentrations. To study the effects of varying fuels, methane flame diluted in hydrogen are measured as well. The 14 investigated premixed methane-oxygen-argon and methanehydrogen-oxygen-argon flames span a wide parameter field of fuel stoichiometry (φ = 0.5 to 1.6) and hydrogen content (H 2 vol% = 0 to 50).The relative comparison of measured and simulated excited species concentrations shows good agreement. The detailed and reliable modeling for several chemiluminescent species permits correlating heat release with all of these emissions under a large set of flame conditions. It appears from the present study that the normally used product of formaldehyde and OH concentration may be less well suited for such a prediction in the flames under investigation.

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“…Smith et al [43] provided overall quenching rate of C * 2 . These rates were integrated into our reaction mechanism.…”

Section: Chemiluminescence Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and numerical study of chemiluminescent species in low-pressure flames

et al. 2012

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“…Typical peak concentrations of CH are about 3.5 × 10 12 molecules/cm 3 in an stoichiometric atmosphericpressure methane flame [21]. For rich low-pressure methane flames, the maximum concentration of C 2 is 1.5 × 10 12 molecules/cm 3 [49]. OH concentrations are, in comparison, typically seven orders of magnitude larger (5 × 10 19 molecules/cm 3 in atmospheric-pressure methane flames [35,42,47] and 6 × 10 14 molecules/cm 3 in lowpressure methane flames [16]).…”

Section: Laskinν 2 Modelingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Measurement and simulation of rotationally-resolved chemiluminescence spectra in flames

et al. 2012

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In recent years, there has been renewed interest in chemiluminescence, since it has been shown that these emissions can be used to determine flame parameters such as stoichiometry and heat release under some conditions. Even though the origin of these emissions has been known for a long time, little attention has been paid to the detailed analysis of the spectral structure.In this contribution, we present rotationally-resolved spectra of all important chemiluminescent emissions OH A-X, CH B-X, CH A-X, and C 2 d-a in CH 4 /air flames. A numerical model based on the LASKINν 2 code has been developed that allows, for the first time, to accurately predict the shape of the measured spectra for all of these transitions. Reabsorption of chemiluminescence within the emitting flame is shown to be a major factor, affecting both intensity and structure of OH * spectra. Even in lab-scale flames, it might change the intensity of individual lines by a factor of 5. The shape of chemiluminescence spectra depends on several processes including initial state distribution and rotational and vibrational energy transfer (which, in turn, depend on the collisional environment and the temperature). It is shown that chemical reactions form OH * in highly excited states and that the number of collisions is not sufficient to equilibrate the initial distribution. Therefore, high apparent temperatures are necessary to describe the shape of the measured spectra. In contrast, CH * is formed with less excess energy and the spectral shape is very close to thermal. The rotational structure of C * 2 is close to thermal equilibrium as well. Vibrational temperatures are, however, signif-A. Brockhinke ( ) · J. Krüger · M. Heusing · M. Letzgus icantly higher than the flame temperature. Implications and perspectives for flame measurements are discussed.

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“…Similar, for CH(A) * chemiluminescence, three steps reaction models have been widely researched. However, for C 2 * and CO 2 * reactions, limited information has reported the reaction rates of their formation reactions 4,28,29 . Although a lot of effort has gone into measuring the reaction rates of the excited species formation reactions, the reaction rates measured by different researchers are not in close agreement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Study of Chemiluminescence Characteristics in Premixed Counterflow Flames of Methane based Fuel blends

Liu

Vourliotakis

Hardalupas

et al. 2017

55th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting

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Non-intrusive chemiluminescence measurements have been used as heat release rate and equivalence ratio indicators for gas turbine combustor active control. In the present study, measurements and modelling of OH * , CH(A) * , C 2 * , and CO 2 * chemiluminescence are used to examine chemiluminescence sensing of heat release rate and equivalence ratio in premixed counterflow methane -air flames with equivalence ratio from 0.6 to 1.3 and strain rate from 80 to 400 s -1 . Two spectrally resolved detecting optical systems were used to detect spatially-averaged (global) and spatially resolved (local) chemiluminescence characteristics in the reaction zone. A recently published reaction mechanism 1 for the chemiluminescence of the OH * , CH * , and C 2 * species is incorporated to GRI-Mech 3.0. The augmented mechanism is further validated against the experimental results of the present study and is used to predict the chemiluminescence characteristics of premixed counterflow methane -air flames. !(!) = detected signal ! = wavelength H = distance between two opposed jets V 0 = flow bulk velocity at jet exit

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C2 Swan band laser-induced fluorescence and chemiluminescence in low-pressure hydrocarbon flames

Cited by 56 publications

References 39 publications

Experimental and numerical study of chemiluminescent species in low-pressure flames

Experimental and numerical study of chemiluminescent species in low-pressure flames

Measurement and simulation of rotationally-resolved chemiluminescence spectra in flames

Experimental and Numerical Study of Chemiluminescence Characteristics in Premixed Counterflow Flames of Methane based Fuel blends

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