C-Type Virus associated with Gibbon Lymphosarcoma

True

“…In 1960, Moloney 5 and in 1962, Rauscher described viral agents that efficiently infect adult animals of most inbred strains of mice. 7 These reports in mice were extended to leukemias of other species such as cats and cattle in the late 1960s, 8 and to apes in the early 1970s 9 (Table 1). Leukemias and subsequently immunosuppression in cats were shown to be caused by horizontally transmitted retroviruses.…”

“…Associated retrovirus was isolated from spontaneous lymphosarcomas and leukemias of gibbon apes (gibbon ape leukemia virus) 9 which induces granulocytic and lymphatic leukemias in gibbons. 13 All these leukemia viruses are retroviruses.…”

The value of MLA 144 culture fluid for the isolation of human immunodeficiency virus

“…As this cell line is known to carry a gibbon retrovirus (5), the culture fluids were processed to remove virus (ultracentrifugation) and cells (filtration), and to heat-inactivate any possible residual infectious virus.…”

History of the discoveries of the first human retroviruses: HTLV-1 and HTLV-2

“…First, most animal leukemias caused by retroviruses are lymphocytic leukemias and of these T-cell leukemias predominate. Second, the first and to this date only leukemia of nonhuman primates is caused by a retrovirus, namely the leukemia of gibbon apes caused by GALV (Kawakami et al, 1972;Gallo et al, 1978), and a particular strain of this virus which we isolated caused T-cell leukemia (Gallo et al, 1978). Third, fortune dictated that we would end up focusing on human T-cell malignancies because on our discovery of IL-2 which allowed us to grow significant numbers of such cells in liquid culture through many cell cycles.…”

“…In the early 1970s Kawakami et al (1972) had discovered gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV), and linked it to chronic myeloid leukemia in that species. Later in the 1970s, we discovered a variant of that virus which caused T-cell leukemia (Gallo et al, 1978).…”