C-type lectins and galectins mediate innate and adaptive immune functions: their roles in the complement activation pathway

Vasta, Gerardo R.; Quesenberry, Michael S.; Ahmed, Hafiz; O’Leary, Nuala

doi:10.1016/s0145-305x(99)00020-8

Cited by 216 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Then flies were incubated at 25°C and collected at specific times after infection (1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 48 h). Natural infection was initiated by shaking anesthetized flies in a Petri dish containing a sporulating culture of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauvaria bassiana and incubated at 25°C (5) for specific times (12,24,48, and 96 h).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome-wide analysis of the Drosophila immune response by using oligonucleotide microarrays

Gregorio

Spellman

Rubin

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

649

654

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To identify new Drosophila genes involved in the immune response, we monitored the gene expression profile of adult flies in response to microbial infection by using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays encompassing nearly the full Drosophila genome. Of 13,197 genes tested, we have characterized 230 induced and 170 repressed by microbial infection, most of which had not previously been associated with the immune response. Many of these genes can be assigned to specific aspects of the immune response, including recognition, phagocytosis, coagulation, melanization, activation of NF-B transcription factors, synthesis of antimicrobial peptides, production of reactive oxygen species, and regulation of iron metabolism. Additionally, we found a large number of genes with unknown function that may be involved in control and execution of the immune response. Determining the function of these genes represents an important challenge for improving our knowledge of innate immunity. Complete results may be found at http:͞͞www.fruitfly.org͞expression͞immunity͞.innate immunity ͉ fungal infection ͉ septic injury

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A third class of putative recognition proteins, the lectins, has been implicated in pathogen recognition in vertebrates and invertebrates (12). Unexpectedly, none of the 35 annotated genes encoding proteins with C-type lectin domains were induced by infection.…”

Section: Table 1 Expression Profiles Of Selected Dirgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide analysis of the Drosophila immune response by using oligonucleotide microarrays

Gregorio

Spellman

Rubin

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

649

654

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Once released from eosinophils at the sites of infection galectin-14 may interact with carbohydrate motifs of multicellular parasites and regulate the inflammation induced by such infections. Identification of foreign carbohydrate motifs appears increasingly important in eliciting appropriate immune responses (37).…”

Section: Expression Of Galectin-14 In Lung Tissue and Its Release Intmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many galectins have already been linked to immunity (37). They are known to regulate cytokine production (42,43), thymocyte apoptosis (44,45), activation of neutrophils and mast cells (46), and migration of leukocytes (23,28).…”

Section: Expression Of Galectin-14 In Lung Tissue and Its Release Intmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Eosinophil-specific Galectin Released into the Lungs in Response to Allergen Challenge

Dunphy¹,

Barcham²,

Bischof³

et al. 2002

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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A novel galectin cDNA (galectin-14) was cloned from ovine eosinophil-rich leukocytes by low stringency reverse transcriptase-PCR and cDNA library screening. Data base searches indicate that this gene encodes a novel prototype galectin that contains one putative carbohydrate recognition domain and exhibits most identity to galectin-9/ecalectin, a potent eosinophil chemoattractant. The sugar binding properties of the recombinant molecule were confirmed by a hemagglutination assay and lactose inhibition. The mRNA and protein of galectin-14 are expressed at high levels in eosinophilrich cell populations. Flow cytometry and cytospot staining demonstrate that the protein localizes to the cytoplasmic, but not the granular, compartment of eosinophils. In contrast, galectin-14 mRNA and protein were not detected in neutrophils, macrophages, or lymphocytes. Western blot analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid indicates that galectin-14 is released from eosinophils into the lumen of the lungs after challenge with house dust mite allergen. The restricted expression of this novel galectin to eosinophils and its release into the lumen of the lung in a sheep asthma model indicates that it may play an important role in eosinophil function and allergic inflammation.The immune response of mammals to multicellular parasite infections and allergens is characterized by the recruitment of eosinophils (1, 2). The role eosinophils play in both parasite infections and allergic reactions remains controversial, and little is known of the specific function of eosinophil constituents in combating multicellular parasites or exacerbating allergic responses. The presence of eosinophils and eosinophil-derived products in the respiratory tract does, however, correlate with the pathological manifestations of allergic asthma (2-4).One of the limitations in the study of eosinophils is the scarcity of this cell population in normal individuals and the difficulty in obtaining sufficient numbers of unmanipulated cells from allergic tissues. Sheep offer a unique experimental system in which large numbers of eosinophils can be obtained using the relatively non-invasive procedure of mammary infusion of allergens followed by "milking" of the mammary gland to obtain the inflammatory cells recruited into the lumen (5, 6). Using this experimental system, the present study describes the identification of a novel galectin (galectin-14) specifically expressed by eosinophils. The expression of galectin-14 was up-regulated in the lung tissue of sensitized sheep challenged with house dust mite extract (HDM), 1 and the protein was released into the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid.Galectins are carbohydrate binding proteins that have been increasingly implicated in both adaptive and innate immune responses. The eosinophil-specific expression of galectin-14 and its secretion into the lumen of the lung in a sheep asthma model indicates that it may play an important role in regulating the activity of eosinophils during allergic responses and further highlights the i...

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“…Mannose-binding receptors (MBRs) are expressed on dendritic cells, some endothelial cells, and macrophages (Engering et al, 1997a;Gröger et al, 2000;Linehan et al, 2000). In addition, Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) (Turner, 1996;Tenner, 1999;Vasta et al, 1999), which also has an opsonic function similar to complement C1q (homologue of MBL), binds to complement receptor type 1 (CD35) (Ghiran et al, 2000), and therefore stimulates phagocytosis of antigen conjugated to mannan. Dendritic cells are able to present very low concentrations of mannosylated antigen 100-1000 fold more efficiently than non-mannosylated antigen (Engering et al, 1997a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aβ-Immunotherapy for Alzheimer's Disease Using Mannan–Amyloid-Beta Peptide Immunoconjugates

Ghochikyan

Petrushina

Lees³

et al. 2006

DNA and Cell Biology

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In Alzheimer's disease (AD) the accumulation of pathological forms of the beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptide are believed to be causal factors in the neurodegeneration that results in the loss of cognitive function in patients. Anti-Aβ antibodies have been shown to reduce Aβ levels in transgenic mouse models of AD and in AN-1792 clinical trial on AD patients; however, the clinical trial was halted when some patients developed meningoencephalitis. Theories on the cause of the adverse events include proinflammatory "primed patients," a Th1-inducing adjuvant, and Aβ autoreactive T cells. New immunotherapy approaches are being developed to eliminate these putative risk factors. Mannan, which is recognized by pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system, can be utilized as a molecular adjuvant to promote a Th2-mediated immune response to conjugated B cell epitopes. The N-terminus of Aβ was conjugated to mannan, and used to immunize mice with low concentrations of immunoconjugate, without a conventional adjuvant. Mannan induced a significant and highly polarized toward Th2 phenotype anti-Aβ antibody response not only in BALB/c, but also in B6SJL F1 mice. New preclinical trials in AD mouse models may help to develop novel immunogen-adjuvant configurations with the potential to avoid the adverse immune response that occurred in the first clinical trial.

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C-type lectins and galectins mediate innate and adaptive immune functions: their roles in the complement activation pathway

Cited by 216 publications

References 91 publications

Genome-wide analysis of the Drosophila immune response by using oligonucleotide microarrays

Genome-wide analysis of the Drosophila immune response by using oligonucleotide microarrays

Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Eosinophil-specific Galectin Released into the Lungs in Response to Allergen Challenge

Aβ-Immunotherapy for Alzheimer's Disease Using Mannan–Amyloid-Beta Peptide Immunoconjugates

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