C₈N₂₆H₄: An Environmentally Friendly Primary Explosive with High Heat of Formation

Abstract

The synthesis and characterization of the metal‐free polyazido compounds 3,6‐bis‐(2‐(4,6‐diazido‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐hydrazinyl)‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine (2) and 3,6‐bis‐(2‐(4,6‐diazido‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐diazenyl)‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine (4) are presented. Two compounds were characterized by NMR spectra, IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Additionally, the structure of 2 was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compounds 2 and 4 exhibit measured densities (1.755 g cm−3 and 1.763 g cm−3), good thermal stabilities (194 °C and 189 °C), high heat of formation (2114 kJ mol−1 and 2820 kJ mol−1), and excellent detonation performance (D, 8365 m s−1 and 8602 m s−1; P, 26.8 GPa and 29.4 GPa). Furthermore, compounds 2 and 4 have been tested for their priming ability to detonate RDX. The results indicate that the title compound 2 is a potential environmentally friendly alternative candidate to lead‐based primary explosives.

Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorodinitrobenzenes with Tunable Melting Point: Potential Low Sensitive Energetic Plasticizer and Melt‐Cast Carrier†

“…to the molecular framework, can effectively improve the energy level of energetic compounds by enhancing the density and oxygen balance, but at the same time, their impact sensitivity also increases. [ 21‐26 ] Although some strategies including introducing hydrogen bonds into and between molecules can efficiently improve the safety performance of energetic compounds, it often requires introducing –NH 2 , –CH 3 or other groups into molecules, which will lead to the decrease of energy level. [ 27 ]…”

Synthesis and Properties of 3,6‐Dinitropyrazolo[4,3‐c]‐pyrazole (DNPP) Derivatives

“…Energetic materials that store large amounts of chemical energy are widely used for military and space applications . In the past few decades, there has been a growing interest in developing novel nitrogen‐ and oxygen‐rich energetic materials . Compared to open‐chain or coupled‐ring backbones, energetic compounds based on fused‐ring moieties have attracted greater attention .…”

Synthesis and characterization of the mixed-ligand coordination polymer Cu3Cl(N4C-NO2)2

“…Lead-free energetic compounds with high thermal and hydrolytic stability are highly sought-after materials in current efforts to replace lead-containing initiatory explosives such as lead azide and lead styphnate. [1][2][3][4][5] Although well-characterised and effective in their intended use, the latter compounds should be replaced due to the deleterious effects of their heavy metal content, which is present in all stages of their manufacture, storage, processing, use, remediation, and disposal. A number of alternatives with fewer health and environmental issues have been investigated and include, amongst others, 5-nitro-(1H)-tetrazolates of silver 6,7,14,18 and, in particular, copper azides and nitrotetrazolates (DBX-1).…”

“…A number of alternatives with fewer health and environmental issues have been investigated and include, amongst others, 5-nitro-(1H)-tetrazolates of silver 6,7,14,18 and, in particular, copper azides and nitrotetrazolates (DBX-1). [8][9][10][11][12] DBX-1 is a member of a family of energetic copper nitrotetrazolates consisting of Cu(en) 2 (NT) 2 , 14 Cu(NH 3 ) 3 (NT) 2 , 14 (M′) 2 [Cu 2+ (NT) 4 •(H 2 O) 2 ], 15 copper(I) nitrotetrazolate 16,17 or DBX-1, 8,9 Cu(NT) 2 18 and Cu(H 3 O)(NT) 3 •3H 2 O 10,13,19 (en = ethyl-ene diamine, NT = 5-nitrotetrazolate). The synthesis of DBX-1 is not straightforward.…”

“…The visual appearance and IR spectrum of 3 are distinct from those of the orange to rust-red DBX-1 (4) (see photographs inFig. 2, left (3)vs. right(4), and the IR spectra inFig. 5and S11-15 †).…”