C₆₀ Nanowhiskers Formed by the Liquid–liquid Interfacial Precipitation Method

Abstract

Fine needlelike crystals of C60 have been formed by a liquid–liquid interfacial precipitation method which uses an interface of the concentrated toluene solution of C60/isopropyl alcohol. The needlelike crystals of C60 with a diameter of submicrons (“C60 nanowhiskers”) were found to be single crystalline and composed of thin slabswith a thickness of about 10 nm. The intermolecular distance of the C60 nanowhiskerswas found to be shortened along the growth axis as compared with the pristine C60crystals, indicating a formation of strong bonding between C60 molecules. TheC60 nanowhiskers are assumed to be polymerized via the “2 + 2” cycloaddition inthe close-packed [110]c direction.

Towards the standardization of fullerene nanofibers using Raman spectroscopy

“…The inset of Figure 4 compares a spectrum of nonpolymerized material (blue/dashed line) with the polymerized one (red/full line). We can observe also a broadening in the A g (2), which is an indication of the presence of disorder in the crystalline structure due to the molecule polymerization.…”

“…Figure 4 shows a typical Raman spectrum of the fullerene nanofiber. The 2A g peaks are the more intense and they are related with the radial breathing mode (A g (1)) and the "pentagonal pinch" mode (A g (2)). When the fullerene undergoes a polymerization, the A g (2) shifts to smaller frequency.…”

“…The 2A g peaks are the more intense and they are related with the radial breathing mode (A g (1)) and the "pentagonal pinch" mode (A g (2)). When the fullerene undergoes a polymerization, the A g (2) shifts to smaller frequency. The inset of Figure 4 compares a spectrum of nonpolymerized material (blue/dashed line) with the polymerized one (red/full line).…”

“…Fullerene nanofibers are defined as the fibers that are composed of fullerene molecules and have diameters less than 1000 nm [1,2]. The fullerene nanofibers can take both the non-tubular and tubular morphologies.…”

Preparation of C₆₀ Nanowhiskers/WO₃ Nanocomposites and Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes

“…10,11 A new type of C 60 that takes the form of needle-like crystals, C 60 nanowhiskers, was synthesized via liquid-liquid interfacial precipitation (LLIP), where the nanowhiskers nucleate at the interface between a toluene solution saturated with C 60 and isopropyl alcohol. [12][13][14][15] The needle crystal of C 60 nanowhiskers has hexagonal rod shape and diameters ranging from 0.5 to 100 μm. The synthesized single crystal ferroelectric nanowires (FNWs) were less than 1 μm in diameter and greater than 100 μm in length.…”