C‐section birth increases offspring obesity risk dependent on maternal diet and obesity status in rats

Abstract

Objective The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that shapes host metabolism, especially in early life. Maternal vaginal and gut microbiota is vertically transmitted to offspring during natural birth. Offspring born by cesarean section (CS) do not receive these bacteria and exhibit higher obesity risk later in life. The objective of this study was to examine differences in obesity risk between offspring born naturally (NB) or by CS to lean/obese dams. Methods Lean and obese rat dams gave birth to offspring naturally or by CS. Offspring obesity risk was analyzed via body weight/composition, food intake, sucrose preference, gut microbiota, and gene expression in gut and brain tissues. Results Obese (O)+CS offspring showed greater weight gain and caloric intake but a reduction in hypothalamic agouti related neuropeptide, neuropeptide Y, and interleukin 1β expression compared with O+NB offspring. Lean (L)+CS offspring had higher serum corticosterone concentration and reduced liver peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ expression compared with L+NB. O+CS offspring had long‐term alterations to gut microbiota, including increased relative abundance of Faecalibaculum and reduced Muribaculaceae. Conclusions Overall, CS alters obesity risk differentially based on maternal obesity status. Further studies looking at the risks of obesity associated with CS are needed, with special attention paid to maternal obesity status and gut microbiota.

Cesarean Delivery and Insulin Sensitivity in the Older Adult: The Microbiome and Insulin Longitudinal Evaluation Study

“…In observational studies, cesarean delivery has been associated with increased risk of less favorable cardiometabolic outcomes in children and young adults [ 16 , 17 ]. Other studies have suggested that any differences in obesity in the offspring are likely explained by or unique to offspring born to mothers with obesity [ 18 , 19 ].…”