C‐Reactive protein in viral and bacterial gastroenteritis in childhood*

Borgnolo, G; Barbone, Fabio; Guidobaldi, G; Olivo, Giuseppe

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb14121.x

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…However, CRP does not reliably discriminate between viral and bacterial forms, particularly for respiratory pathogens (5). In this study, as in the study of Borgnolo et al (6), mean CRP concentrations differed significantly between cases of acute gastroenteritis of bacterial or viral origin. However CRP concentration did not distinguish all cases of viral and bacterial pathogens in this study: 24% of children infected with rotavirus had CRP b 20 mg/l and 48% b 10 mg/l, and 6 of 55 (11%) children with bacterial gastroenteritis had CRP`10 mg/l.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Interferon-alpha in viral and bacterial gastroenteritis: a comparison with C-reactive protein and interleukin-6

Mangiarotti¹,

Moulin²,

Palmer³

et al. 1999

SPAE

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The aim of the study was to identify serum markers able to differentiate bacterial and viral origin in acute diarrhoea. Interferon-alpha (INF-alpha), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 were determined on admission in the sera of 119 children aged between 1 mo and 14 y who were hospitalized for rotavirus (n = 60) or bacterial diarrhoea (Salmonella spp. 39 cases, Shigella spp. 15 cases, Campylobacter jejuni 5 cases). CRP concentration was >10 mg/l in 48.3% of children with viral gastroenteritis and 86.4% of children with bacterial gastroenteritis. IL6 concentration was >100 pg/ml in 11.7% and 26.3% of cases, respectively. INF-alpha was detected in 79.1% of children with rotavirus (sens 79%) and in 3.5% (spec 93%) with bacterial gastroenteritis. However the INF-alpha assay takes 48 h and pathogens are often identified from stools before interferon results are available. We found that serum markers are not discriminating enough to differentiate between viral and bacterial gastroenteritis in emergency cases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Interferon-alpha in viral and bacterial gastroenteritis: a comparison with C-reactive protein and interleukin-6

Mangiarotti¹,

Moulin²,

Palmer³

et al. 1999

SPAE

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] Cytokines are peptide regulatory factors which have a central role in activating and co-ordinating the complex cascade of inflammatory and immune response following bacterial invasion by acting on several targets via specific cell receptors. [6][7][8][9][10] CRP, an acute-phase reactant synthesised in the liver, is increased in the presence of inflammation caused by infection or tissue injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum cytokines in differentiating between viral and bacterial enterocolitis

Yeung

Lee

Lin

et al. 2004

Annals of Tropical Paediatrics

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It is difficult to distinguish clinically between bacterial and viral causes of enterocolitis. The aim of the study was to investigate if serum cytokines can distinguish bacterial from viral enterocolitis. We prospectively enrolled 147 paediatric in-patients with acute enterocolitis. Blood was taken for leucocyte count, CRP, ESR, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-alpha and TNF-alpha on the day of admission. A pathogen was identified in 115 of the 147 children, 72 of whom had a bacterial pathogen (bacterial group) and 43 rotavirus (viral group). Mean values of the serum markers IL-6, IL-8 and CRP were significantly higher in the bacterial group. Receiver-operating characteristic curves demonstrated that a cut-off of 15 pg/ml for IL-6 had a sensitivity of 0.75 and a specificity of 0.91 for bacterial diarrhoea. Comparable values for CRP at a cut-off of 13 mg/L demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.54 and a specificity of 0.72. Values for IL-8 at a cut-off of 80 pg/ml had a sensitivity of 0.46 and a specificity of 0.71. Despite the small sample size, our data suggest that serum IL-6, IL-8 and CRP are significantly elevated in children with bacterial enterocolitis. IL-6 has a higher sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value than IL-8 and CRP. Determination of serum cytokines might be a useful way of differentiating viral from bacterial gastro-enteritis.

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“…First two potential markers were the subject of analysis in a study conducted in Italy by Borgnolo and coauthors (26), Lin and coauthors from Taiwan/China (27) and Marcus and coauthors from Israel (28). Leukocyte count as a potential marker, on the other hand, was assessed by Ashkenazi and coauthors (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity and Specificity of Procalcitonin to Determine Etiology of Diarrhea in Children Younger Than 5 Years

et al. 2014

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Aim:The aim of this study is to assess the sensitivity and specificity of procalcitonin to determine bacterial etiology of diarrhea.The examinees and methods:For this purpose we conducted the study comprising 115 children aged 1 to 60 months admitted at the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Pediatric Clinic, divided in three groups based on etiology of the diarrhea that has been confirmed with respective tests during the hospitalization. Each group has equal number of patients – 35. The first group was confirmed to have bacterial diarrhea, the second viral diarrhea and the third extra intestinal diarrhea. The determination of procalcitonin has been established with the ELFA methods of producer B.R.A.H.M.S Diagnostica GmbH, Berlin, (Germany).Results:From the total number of 1130 patient with acute diarrhea procalcitonin was assessed in 105. 67 (63.8%) of these patient were male. More than one third (38.14%) of the children in our study were younger then 12 months. Approximately the same was the number of children 13-24 months (33 patients or 31.43%) and 25-60 months (32 patients or 30.43%). The mean value of PRC in children with viral diarrhea was 0.13±0.5 ng/mL in children with bacterial diarrhea was 5.3±4.9 ng/m Land in children with extra intestinal diarrhea was 1.7±2.8 ng/mL. When measured using ANOVA and Turkey HSD tests, results have shown the statistical significance when comparing viral with bacterial and extra intestinal diarrhea but were statistically insignificant when comparing bacterial and extra intestinal diarrhea.Conclusion:Procalcitonin is an important but not conclusive marker of bacterial etiology of acute diarrhea in children younger than 5 years.

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C‐Reactive protein in viral and bacterial gastroenteritis in childhood*

Cited by 31 publications

References 23 publications

Interferon-alpha in viral and bacterial gastroenteritis: a comparison with C-reactive protein and interleukin-6

Interferon-alpha in viral and bacterial gastroenteritis: a comparison with C-reactive protein and interleukin-6

Serum cytokines in differentiating between viral and bacterial enterocolitis

Sensitivity and Specificity of Procalcitonin to Determine Etiology of Diarrhea in Children Younger Than 5 Years

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