C-Reactive Protein and the Risk of Developing Hypertension

Sesso, Howard D.; Buring, Julie E.; Rifai, Nader; Blake, Gavin J.; Gaziano, J. Michael; Ridker, Paul M.

doi:10.1001/jama.290.22.2945

Cited by 838 publications

(304 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…[14][15][16][17] Increased arterial stiffness increases the amplitude of the forward pressure wave ejected from the heart and augments the pressure wave reflection from more peripheral sites on the arterial tree. 18,19 These phenomena elevate the BP.…”

Section: Hyperuricemia and The Risk Of Development Of Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of Arterial Stiffness and Inflammation in Hyperuricemia-Related Development of Hypertension

et al. 2018

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A ccording to recently reported meta-analyses, hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for the development of hypertension, 1,2 although the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully clarified. Hyperuricemia has also been reported to be associated with the early stages of development of some risk factors for hypertension, such as arterial stiffness, 3 renal function decline, 4 and inflammation. 5 Thus, we attempted to verify the possibility of involvement of these risk factors in the risk of development of hypertension associated with hyperuricemia. 6 Although an observational study would be needed for such an objective, conventional observational studies, in which the relevant assessments are conducted at 2 observational points, have the limitation that they exclude the effects of timevarying confounding variables.7 However, analysis of repeated measures data by mixed model linear (MML) regression analysis and general estimated equation (GEE) analysis may be useful to minimize the effects of time-varying confounders. In the present prospective observational study conducted in Japanese men without hypertension at the study baseline, we analyzed repeated measures data by MML regression analysis and GEE analysis to clarify the longitudinal associations of hyperuricemia with the above-mentioned risk factors for the development of hypertension, and then to examine the longitudinal associations of these risk factors with the development of hypertension. MethodsThe data, analytical methods, and study materials will not be made available to other researchers for the purpose of reproducing the results or replicating the procedure. Design and SubjectsThe present study was conducted in the same cohort as that used in a previously reported prospective observational study. 8,9 The cohort consisted of employees working at the headquarters of a single large Japanese construction company located in downtown Tokyo. According to the Occupational Health and Safety Law in Japan, it is mandatory for all company employees to undergo annual health checkups. Informed consent for participation in this study was obtained from all of the study participants before their enrollment in this study. The study was Correspondence to Hirofumi Tomiyama, Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan. Email tomiyama@tokyo-med.ac.jp See Editorial Commentary, pp 582-584Abstract-This study analyzed repeated measurement data to clarify the longitudinal associations between hyperuricemia and the risk factors for the development of hypertension (ie, increased arterial stiffness, renal dysfunction, and inflammation), and then examined whether these risk factors show longitudinal associations with the development of hypertension. In 3274 Japanese men without hypertension, the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and serum uric acid and CRP (C-reactive protein) levels were measured annually over an 8-year period. Of these, 474 subjects developed hy...

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Section: Hyperuricemia and The Risk Of Development Of Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of Arterial Stiffness and Inflammation in Hyperuricemia-Related Development of Hypertension

et al. 2018

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Section: Analysis 2: Hypercholesterolemia or Hypertension In Relationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been found in prospective cohort studies that those with higher plasma levels of inflammatory response proteins, such as fibrinogen and haptoglobin, were at higher risk for developing future hypertension. [32][33][34] The chronic systemic inflammation associated with endometriosis may predispose women with endometriosis to a higher risk of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension.These results that endometriosis was associated with higher risk of hypercholesterolemia/hypertension were in line with a previous study which showed that endometriosis was associated with higher risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), 35 as it has been well established that hypercholesterolemia and hypertension are among the strongest risk factors for CHD. 36,37 In addition, the association observed between endometriosis and hypercholesterolemia was consistent with earlier casecontrol studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Endometriosis and Hypercholesterolemia or Hypertension

Rich‐Edwards

Rimm

et al. 2017

Hypertension

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Abstract-An altered hormonal or chronic systemic inflammatory milieu characterizing endometriosis may result in a higher risk of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. Conversely, elevated low-density lipoprotein in hypercholesterolemia and chronic systemic inflammation resulting from hypertension may increase the risk of endometriosis. We assessed the association of laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis with hypercholesterolemia and hypertension in a large prospective cohort study. In 1989, 116 430 registered female nurses aged 25 to 42 completed the baseline questionnaire and were followed for 20 years. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were applied. In 1989, there were 4244 women with laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis and 91 554 women without. After adjusting for demographic, anthropometric, family history, reproductive, dietary, and lifestyle risk factors prospectively, comparing women with laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis to women without, the relative risks were 1.25 (95% confidence interval, 1.21-1.30) for development of hypercholesterolemia and 1.14 (95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.18) for hypertension. Conversely, the relative risks of developing laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis were 1.22 (95% confidence interval, 1.15-1.31) comparing women with hypercholesterolemia to women without and 1.29 (95% confidence interval, 1.18-1.41) comparing women with hypertension to women without. The strength of associations of laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis with hypercholesterolemia or hypertension was strongest among women aged ≤40 and weakened as age increased (P values for interaction <0.001). We observed that ≈45% of the associations between endometriosis and hypercholesterolemia and hypertension could be accounted for by treatment factors after endometriosis diagnosis, including greater frequency of hysterectomy/oophorectomy and earlier age for this surgery. In this large cohort study, laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis was prospectively associated with increased risk of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. Conversely, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension were prospectively associated with higher risk of laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis. process, which may be contributing to blood pressure elevation. 23 Hence the chronic systemic inflammation in endometriosis may predispose women with endometriosis to a higher risk of hypertension.In sum, women with endometriosis may have higher risk of hypercholesterolemia or hypertension, and women with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia may have a higher risk of endometriosis. We examined these hypotheses in the NHSII (Nurses' Health Study II), an ongoing prospective cohort study. Methods Study PopulationThe NHSII is a prospective cohort study with 116 430 registered female nurses who were 25 to 42 and resided in 14 of the United States at enrollment in 1989. At baseline, participants completed a detailed questionnaire and every 2 years thereafter completed follow-up questionnaires on the incidence of disease out...

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“…Currently, C‐reactive protein level, a nonspecific inflammatory marker,7 has been associated with adverse events in various cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction,6, 8 heart failure,9, 10 ischemic stroke,6, 11 atrial fibrillation,12, 13 type 2 diabetes mellitus,14, 15 and hypertension 16. A previous study showed that the plasma level of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) was higher in patients with HCM 17.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic Significance of Plasma High‐Sensitivity C‐Reactive Protein in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Zhu

Zou

Wang

et al. 2017

JAHA

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BackgroundElevated high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) has been associated with increased risks of adverse outcomes of various cardiovascular diseases. The relationship between hsCRP and the prognosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy remains to be evaluated.Methods and ResultsThe study used an observational cohort methodology. A total of 490 patients were enrolled in the Fuwai Hospital from 2001 to 2011 and were followed for 3.7±2.0 years. According to the risk category of hsCRP, subjects in the high hsCRP group (>3.0 mg/L) had a higher risk of developing adverse events than the low hsCRP group (<1.0 mg/L): cardiovascular death (adjusted hazard ratios[HR] 5.41, 95% CI 1.96–14.93, P=0.001), all‐cause mortality (adjusted HR 4.78, 95% CI 1.99–11.47, P<0.001), sudden cardiac death (adjusted HR 11.29, 95% CI 1.38–92.20, P=0.024), and heart failure–related death (adjusted HR 4.38, 95% CI 1.15–16.60, P=0.030). Similarly, the continuous variable of hsCRP was also an independent predictor for adverse outcomes: cardiovascular death (adjusted HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06–1.25, P=0.001), all‐cause mortality (adjusted HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.09–1.26, P<0.001), sudden cardiac death (adjusted HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.06–1.36, P=0.003), and heart failure–related death (adjusted HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.02–1.30, P=0.020).ConclusionsOur results indicate that elevated plasma hsCRP is associated with increased risk for adverse outcomes in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

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C-Reactive Protein and the Risk of Developing Hypertension

Cited by 838 publications

References 38 publications

Involvement of Arterial Stiffness and Inflammation in Hyperuricemia-Related Development of Hypertension

Involvement of Arterial Stiffness and Inflammation in Hyperuricemia-Related Development of Hypertension

Association Between Endometriosis and Hypercholesterolemia or Hypertension

Prognostic Significance of Plasma High‐Sensitivity C‐Reactive Protein in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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