C: Positron Emission Tomography to Identify Ruptured and Vulnerable Coronary Plaques

Joshi, N. V.; Vesey, Alex; Craighead, Felicity; Williams, Michelle; Yeoh, Su Ern; Shah, Anoop; Fletcher, Alison; Flapan, Andrew D.; Calvert, Patrick A.; Beek, Edwin Jacques Rudolph van; Behan, Miles; Cruden, Nick; Uren, Neal; Berman, Darren P.; Mills, Nicole; Dweck, Marc; Newby, David E.

doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304019.276

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…35 In contrast to the stability of this macrocalcification, atherosclerotic microcalcification arising from apoptotic macrophages alters the structural integrity of the fibrous cap and is thought to increase the propensity to plaque rupture. 36 This manifests clinically as acute coronary syndromes where 18F-fluoride has been associated with a high proportion of culprit plaque ruptures 37 (Figures 2 and 3). Ongoing clinical studies are investigating whether the identification of microcalcification using 18F-fluoride can predict individuals at risk of recurrent myocardial infarction (NCT02278211).…”

Section: F-fluoridementioning

confidence: 99%

Non-invasive imaging of high-risk coronary plaque: the role of computed tomography and positron emission tomography

Bing

Loganath²,

Adamson

et al. 2019

The British Journal of Radiology

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Despite recent advances, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death globally. As such, there is a need to optimise our current diagnostic and risk stratification pathways in order to better deliver individualised preventative therapies. Non-invasive imaging of coronary artery plaque can interrogate multiple aspects of coronary atherosclerotic disease, including plaque morphology, anatomy and flow. More recently, disease activity is being assessed to provide mechanistic insights into in vivo atherosclerosis biology. Molecular imaging using positron emission tomography is unique in this field, with the potential to identify specific biological processes using either bespoke or re-purposed radiotracers. This review provides an overview of non-invasive vulnerable plaque detection and molecular imaging of coronary atherosclerosis.

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Section: F-fluoridementioning

confidence: 99%

Non-invasive imaging of high-risk coronary plaque: the role of computed tomography and positron emission tomography

Bing

Loganath²,

Adamson

et al. 2019

The British Journal of Radiology

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“…18 F-NaF can also be applied to the assessment of microcalcification (active calcification) in atherosclerotic plaques [42]. In this regard, several clinical studies have been conducted in oncology patients, volunteers with/without aortic valve disease, and patients with myocardial infarction and stable angina [27,32,43,44]. From the results of these studies, the authors suggested that 18 F-NaF provides new means for imaging microcalcification (active calcification) in atherosclerotic plaques, although future studies are required to clarify whether 18 F-NaF PET can identify ruptured and high-risk coronary plaques, and can improve the management and treatment of patients with atherosclerosis.…”

Section: Pet/spect Probes For Imaging Targets Other Than Inflammatorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Development of PET/SPECT Probes for Atherosclerosis Imaging

Shimizu

Kuge

2016

Nucl Med Mol Imaging

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The rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques and subsequent thrombus formation are the major causes of myocardial and cerebral infarction. Accordingly, the detection of vulnerable plaques is important for risk stratification and to provide appropriate treatment. Inflammation imaging using 2-deoxy-2-[ 18 F]fluoro-D-glucose ( 18 F-FDG) has been most extensively studied for detecting vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. It is of great importance to develop PET/SPECT probes capable of specifically visualizing the biological molecules involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation and/or progression. In this article, we review recent advances in the development of PET/SPECT probes for visualizing atherosclerotic plaques and their application to therapy monitoring, mainly focusing on experimental studies.

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“…High NaF uptake was reported in coronary atherosclerosis [56][57][58]. Whereas macrocalcifications are usually identified on CT, detection of active plaque calcification and microcalcifications requires functional studies.…”

Section: Molecular Imaging Of Plaque Vulnerabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac applications of PET

Sarıkaya¹

2015

Nuclear Medicine Communications

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Routine use of cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) applications has been increasing but has not replaced cardiac single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) studies yet. The majority of cardiac PET tracers, with the exception of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), are not widely available, as they require either an onsite cyclotron or a costly generator for their production. 18F-FDG PET imaging has high sensitivity for the detection of hibernating/viable myocardium and has replaced Tl-201 SPECT imaging in centers equipped with a PET/CT camera. PET myocardial perfusion imaging with various tracers such as Rb-82, N-13 ammonia, and O-15 H2O has higher sensitivity and specificity than myocardial perfusion SPECT for the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD). In particular, quantitative PET measurements of myocardial perfusion help identify subclinical coronary stenosis, better define the extent and severity of CAD, and detect ischemia when there is balanced reduction in myocardial perfusion due to three-vessel or main stem CAD. Fusion images of PET perfusion and CT coronary artery calcium scoring or CT coronary angiography provide additional complementary information and improve the detection of CAD. PET studies with novel 18F-labeled perfusion tracers such as 18F-flurpiridaz and 18F-FBnTP have yielded high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of CAD. These tracers are still being tested in humans, and, if approved for clinical use, they will be commercially and widely available. In addition to viability studies, 18F-FDG PET can also be utilized to detect inflammation/infection in various conditions such as endocarditis, sarcoidosis, and atherosclerosis. Some recent series have obtained encouraging results for the detection of endocarditis in patients with intracardiac devices and prosthetic valves. PET tracers for cardiac neuronal imaging, such as C-11 HED, help assess the severity of heart failure and post-transplant cardiac reinnervation, and understand the pathogenesis of arrhytmias. The other uncommon applications of cardiac PET include NaF imaging to identify calcium deposition in atherosclerotic plaques and β-amyloid imaging to diagnose cardiac amyloid involvement. 18F-FDG imaging with a novel PET/MR camera has been reported to be very sensitive and specific for the differentiation between malignant and nonmalignant cardiac masses. The other potential applications of PET/MR are cardiac infectious/inflammatory conditions such as endocarditis.

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C: Positron Emission Tomography to Identify Ruptured and Vulnerable Coronary Plaques

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Non-invasive imaging of high-risk coronary plaque: the role of computed tomography and positron emission tomography

Non-invasive imaging of high-risk coronary plaque: the role of computed tomography and positron emission tomography

Recent Advances in the Development of PET/SPECT Probes for Atherosclerosis Imaging

Cardiac applications of PET

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