C:N ratios affect nitrogen removal and production of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus raised in a biofloc system under high density cultivation

Pérez-Fuentes, Jorge A.; Hernández‐Vergara, Martha Patricia; Pérez‐Rostro, Carlos Iván; Fogel, Ira

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.11.010

Cited by 161 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Alkalinity and pH may reduce due to inorganic carbon consumption by autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria that form the microbial biomass (EBELING; TIMMONS; BISOGNI, 2006;PÉREZ-FUENTES et al, 2016;MARTINS et al, 2017). According to Martins et al (2017), the use of sodium bicarbonate, calcium hydroxide or carbonate is effective to correct alkalinity and pH on BFT systems.…”

Section: Ss (Ml Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An optimal C:N ratio can improve production and recycling of nutrients. According to Burford et al (2003) and Pérez-Fuentes et al (2016), C:N ratio must be above 10:1, however, according to Schneider et al (2005), the best C:N ratio is approximately 15:1. Wasielesky et al (2006) found optimal C:N ratios for microbial floc formation from 14:1 to 30:1, with predominance of heterotrophic bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of BFT allows us to control inorganic nitrogen by adding carbohydrates as energy source, inducing the conversion of this nitrogen by microorganisms present in the biofloc into microbial biomass, which is a good food source for fish (AVNIMELECH, 2009;PÉREZ-FUENTES et al, 2016;VILANI et al, 2016;WEI;LIAO;WANG, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Setting water C:N ratio is key to controlling inorganic nitrogen and the consequent development of microbial flocs, which indicates the availability and competition for organic carbon and ammonia (SAMOCHA et al, 2007;AVNIMELECH, 2009;AVNIMELECH, 2014;NOOTONG;PAVASANT;POWTONGSOOK, 2011;EMERENCIANO;GAXIOLA;CUZON, 2013;PÉREZ-FUENTES et al, 2016;VILANI et al, 2016). In high C:N conditions, heterotrophic bacteria compete with autotrophic bacteria for dissolved oxygen and space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and some native species as tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum and its hybrids) (FAO, 2014). According to Avnimelech (2009) and Pérez-Fuentes et al (2016), tilapia can be produced in different farming systems, and adapt to the super-intensive system based on biofloc technology (BFT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Sources and C:n Ratios on Water Quality for Nile Tilapia Farming in Biofloc System

et al. 2017

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-The use of biofloc technology (BFT) can improve fish production in regions with low water availability. Therefore, information on dynamics of water quality is essential for success in fish rearing. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the water quality for Nile tilapia farming in a system without water exchange, during the fingerling stage, using different sources of carbon and C:N ratios. A completely randomized experimental design was used in a 2x3 factorial arrangement, with two carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) ratios (10:1 and 20:1) and three carbon sources (sugar, molasses and cassava starch). The C:N ratio and carbon source affected the variables alkalinity, settleable solids (SS), turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS), showing significantly higher values at C:N ratio of 20:1 (P < 0.05). The best carbon source for microbial floc formation were the molasses and sugar, under C:N ratios of 10:1 and 20:1. The stability of the monitored water quality parameters occurred from 6 to 7 weeks of rearing. The growth performance of Nile tilapia in BFT system fertilized with different organic carbon sources was not significantly different (P < 0.05) between treatments. The use of molasses to fertilize BFT systems can reduce costs of production in regions where this product is available. RESUMO -O uso da tecnologia de biofloco (BFT) pode contribuir para a produção de peixes em regiões com reduzida água. Portanto, compreender a dinâmica da qualidade da água é essencial para o sucesso do cultivo de peixes. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a qualidade da água no cultivo de tilápia do Nilo em sistema sem troca de água, durante a fase de alevinagem, utilizando diferentes fontes de carbono e relações C:N. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o arranjo fatorial 2x3, contendo duas relações carbono (C) e nitrogênio (N) (10:1 e 20:1) e três fontes de carbono (açúcar, melaço e amido de mandioca). Ambas as relações C:N e fontes de carbono influenciaram as variáveis alcalinidade, sólidos sedimentáveis (SS), turbidez e sólidos suspensos totais (SST) demonstrando valores significativamente mais elevados na relação C:N 20:1 (P < 0,05). As melhores fontes de carbono para a formação de flocos microbianos foram observados na utilização do melaço e açúcar na relação C:N de 10:1 e 20:1. A estabilidade dos parâmetros de qualidade de água monitorados ocorreu entre a 6 e 7 semanas de cultivo. O desempenho de tilapia do Nilo em sistema BFT fertilizado com diferentes fontes de carbono orgânico não foi significativamente diferente (P < 0,05) entre os tratamentos. A escolha de melaço para a fertilização do sistema BFT também pode ajudar a reduzir o custo de produção em regiões onde há disponibilidade deste produto. Palavras-chave:Oreochromis niloticus. Piscicultura. Flocos microbianos. Alevinagem.

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