C-Kit, CD34 & α-SMA Immunohistochemical Features in Classic Kaposi Sarcoma and Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma

Abstract

Purpose & Methods:The aim of this work was to study the clinicopathological features of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) & kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) and analyze their immunohistochemical expression of c-Kit, CD34, α-SMA. The study was performed on cutaneous 10 classic KS & 8 KHE.Results:KHE shows several dilated lymphatic channels, focal capillary formation, lack of nuclear atypia and mitosis within tumor cells. These features help to exclude Kaposi sarcoma in spite of the kaposiform pattern of tumor cells. C-Kit was expressed by tumor cells in all KHE cases and in 60% only of KS. All elements within both tumor groups expressed CD34 antibody. α-SMA was expressed by tumor cells in 70% of KS cases and none of KHE.Conclusion:C-Kit and CD34 seem to be reliable at labeling KS and KHE as they can help in diagnosis of these tumors in routinely processed tissue but they don’t differentiate between them. If α-SMA also labeled the tumor, then KHE diagnosis can be ruled out. KS & KHE exemplify stem cell tumors that could give smooth muscle cell–like phenotype in KS. Anti C-kit therapy should be tested in KS & KHE to prevent recurrence.

Dermatofibromas with Aberrant Expression of CD34 Protein: A Systematic Review and a Reappraisal of Clinicopathological Features and Histogenesis

“…All slides were coded and evaluated by observers blinded for clinical details and the identity of the patients. The cut-off point applied to consider a case positive versus negative was 5% [19][20][21]. Statistical computations were performed using IBM SPSS 22 (IBM-SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).…”

“…A total of 278 cases (representing 12 studies) with the final DFs/fibrous histiocytoma diagnosis were included. Most cases were negative for CD34 protein expression (227 DFs), whereas only 51 DFs showed aberrant expression of CD34 protein [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Figure 1 represents a summary of the literature search and study selection flow chart.…”

“…Although previous studies have reported the expression patterns of CD34 protein in some DFs [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], to the best of these authors' knowledge, minimal research has been performed on DFs with aberrant CD34 protein expression. Additionally, studies that comprehensively assess the literature for the ultrastructural features of DFs and relate them to the histogenesis of these lesions are limited.…”

Lymphatic Markers in Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma: Implications for Tumor Invasiveness and β-blockers efficacy

“…Spindle tumor cells in KHE express vascular endothelial markers CD31 and CD34, and also express speci c lymphatic markers Prospero homeobox protein 1 (PROX1), podoplanin (PDPN or D2-40), and lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE1), which are considered to be the origin of stem cells that differentiate into vascular endothelium and lymphatic endothelium 3 .…”

Pharmacotherapeutic approaches for transportation of anticancer agents via skin

“…The human herpesvirus-8 and immunosuppression are the main causes of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), which is present in different forms such as classic, AIDS-associated and iatrogenic. It is characterized by transitional, non-spreading lesions which have an impact mainly on the visceral organs, skin, lymph nodes and the mucosa [19]. Leukaemia is caused due to the uninhibited rate of division of hematopoietic cells, changes in cancer-causing genes and tumour-suppressor genes.…”