“…The lattice parameter of pure NiO at room temperature is 4.175 Å. Nano particles of nickel oxide (NiO) play a major role in myriad fields such as in: molecular biology and biotechnology [ 1 ], catalysis [ 2 ], battery cathodes [ 3 , 4 ], gas sensors [ 5 ], electrochromic films [ 6 ] and magnetic materials [ 7 , 8 ]. In addition, NiO x is also used in reactions of hydrogenation of nitriles and the hydrochlorination of aromatic compounds [ 9 , 10 ]. Moreover, NiO films with Mn and Zn doping have been fabricated successfully using a homemade chemical spray pyrolysis thin films deposition technique producing transparent conducting oxides emerging applicability of the films in optoelectronic applications [ 11 ].…”