c-Fos and Related Immediate Early Gene Products as Markers of Activity in Neuroendocrine Systems

Hoffman, Gloria E.; Smith, M. Susan; Verbalis, Joseph G.

doi:10.1006/frne.1993.1006

Cited by 613 publications

(323 citation statements)

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“…Although CLP induced Fos in many central structures, the use of Fos as a marker has limitations (Hoffman and Lyo, 2002;Hoffman et al, 1993). Neurons inhibited by CLP are unlikely to express Fos, and other cells may respond with firing patterns that occur independently this marker.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central neural distribution of immunoreactive Fos and CRH in relation to plasma ACTH and corticosterone during sepsis in the rat

Carlson

Chiu

Fiedler

et al. 2007

Experimental Neurology

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Although brain pathways activated by sepsis may respond acutely to endotoxin administration, the long-term central response to sepsis is not known. We prepared male rats for hormonal sampling at the circadian nadir (AM) and peak (PM) after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham surgery. Diurnal variation of corticosterone was present on postoperative day (D) 3 and D4 after sham surgery but not after CLP. CLP increased Fos immunostaining in the nucleus of tractus solitarius (NTS), ventrolateral medulla, medullary raphe, parabrachial nucleus, hypothalamus, amygdala, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, and preoptic region. Fos responses were generally greatest on D1 but persisted to the AM of D4. The number of Fos-positive cell nuclei in the NTS on D3 and D4 did not differ but had greater variance on D3 than on D4 (P < 0.01) with a divergent response in the PM of D3 that was correlated with plasma ACTH (r = 0.927, P<0.01) but not with corticosterone. CLP increased CRH-staining intensity in the hypothalamic paraventricular neurons uniformly from D1 through D4 (P<0.01). Similar to Fos in NTS, this response was correlated with plasma ACTH (r = 0.738, P<0.05) and adrenal size (r = 0.730, P<0.05) in the PM of D3. Neuronal CRH became detectable after CLP in specific medullary areas on D1 and in the preoptic region on D3 and D4. Thus, the suppression of circadian variation by CLP was associated with central neural responses that increased in relation to plasma ACTH without apparent influence on the release of corticosterone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central neural distribution of immunoreactive Fos and CRH in relation to plasma ACTH and corticosterone during sepsis in the rat

Carlson

Chiu

Fiedler

et al. 2007

Experimental Neurology

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“…For example, in rodents, it is quite clear that the population of GnRH neurons expressing c-fos at the time of the GnRH/luteinizing hormone (LH) surge resides predominantly, if not exclusively (Wintermantel et al, 2006), within the POA (Hoffman et al, 1993). Furthermore, studies in our own lab have found numerous instances where the morphology of (Cottrell et al, 2006), expression of receptors for neuromodulators (Jasoni et al, 2005;Grattan et al, 2007) on, or neurotransmitter effects (Sim et al, 2000;Pape et al, 2001;Clarkson and Herbison, 2006) on, adult GnRH neurons appears to be dependent upon their rostrocaudal location in the mouse; in particular whether they are located in the MS or POA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical location of mature GnRH neurons corresponds with their birthdate in the developing mouse

Jasoni

Porteous

Herbison

2009

Developmental Dynamics

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The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons exhibit substantial functional, anatomical, and molecular heterogeneity, which has hampered their thorough examination. This study was undertaken in an effort to understand whether the anatomical distribution of GnRH neurons is related to their developmental history, because such an association may help explain differences within the population. Using bromodeoxyuridine pulse labeling of timed pregnant female mice we labeled dividing cells, including GnRH neuron progenitors in the olfactory placode, throughout the window of GnRH neuron differentiation. Our results indicate that cells that become postmitotic early tend to populate the rostral aspects of the adult GnRH neuron continuum, whereas later-generated cells tend to settle more caudally; an inside-out pattern reminiscent of neocortex. These observations suggest that the timing of differentiation influences the ability of postmitotic GnRH neurons to navigate to their adult location, and hence may be important in determining the ultimate wiring of the adult network. Developmental Dynamics 238:524 -531, 2009.

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“…3 1996; Morgan and Curran 1998;Pennypacker et al 1995). Hence, IEG c-Fos induction acts as a putative downstream third messenger that is transiently induced in one form and then is expressed in another more stable form in response to chronic receptor stimulation and prolonged cAMP elevations (Chen et al 1997;Dragunow and Faull 1989;Hoffman et al 1993;Lemke 1992; Curran 1989, 1995;Sheng and Greenberg 1990).More importantly to this discussion, neuronal activation as evidenced by the induction of c-Fos in the ventrolateral portion of the SCN (vSCN) is an indicator of stimulation of the intrinsic entrainment mechanisms controlled by this hypothalamic area. Receptor-mediated IEG expression and Fos protein deposition in the vSCN occurs during stimulus-specific circadian times in response to such phase-shifting stimuli as light and melatonin receptor stimulation (Ginty et al 1993;Kilduff et al 1992;Kornhauser et al 1992;Mullins et al 1999;Sutin and Kilduff 1992).…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

“…The acute response protein, Fos, and chronic Fos-related antigens (cFRAs) are thought to play important modulatory roles in the transcriptional regulation of regionally specific brain responses to chronic such perturbations as long-term exposure to psychotropics, dopamine receptor stimulation, kainate exposure, electroconvulsive seizures, and lesioning (Chen et al 1997;Hope et al 1994;Hyman and Nestler 1996;Morgan and Curran 1998;Pennypacker et al 1995). Hence, IEG c-Fos induction acts as a putative downstream third messenger that is transiently induced in one form and then is expressed in another more stable form in response to chronic receptor stimulation and prolonged cAMP elevations (Chen et al 1997;Dragunow and Faull 1989;Hoffman et al 1993;Lemke 1992;Curran 1989, 1995;Sheng and Greenberg 1990).…”

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Effects of Antidepressants on 5-HT7 Receptor Regulation in the Rat Hypothalamus

Mullins

Gianutsos

1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

146

101

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Recent evidence suggests that a novel serotonin receptor 5-HT 7 localized in the hypothalamus downregulates in response to treatment with the antidepressant fluoxetine (Sleight et al. 1995). This receptor has also been implicated in the regulation of circadian rhythms (Lovenberg et al. 1993). Here Depression may involve many possible abnormalities corresponding to multiple biological correlates of dysfunction or dysregulation in either one or several brain neurotransmitter systems (Cooper et al. 1996;Nair and Sharma 1989), a property that may contribute to the apparent disparity in symptomology and response to antidepressant therapy. The strict classical notions of neurotransmitter dysregulation hypotheses that associate depression with a deficiency of a vailable neurotransmitter or subresponsivity of mainly noradrenergic and/ or serotonergic receptor systems are recently being expanded to include disturbances in biological rhythm regulation. Impairment of the efficiency of rhythm maintenance or rhythm desynchronization has been suggested by many to lead to mental fatigue and depression (Goodwin et al. 1982;Hallonquist et al. 1986;Healy 1987;Partonen 1994;Schwartz 1993;Wirz-Justice and Campbell 1982;Wirz-Justice et al. 1995). Clinically, it has been extensively documented that the timing and structure of rhythms in physiological, behavioral, and endocrinological functions seem to be abnormal in depression (Coiro et al. 1993;Duncan 1996;File 1990;Kupfer 1995;Nair and Sharma 1989;Wehr et al. 1979). Furthermore, studies investigating the patterns of circadian rhythms of patients diagnosed with depression have been undertaken with the premise of disturbed rhythmicity as a central theme underlying the etiology of some affective disorders (Duncan 1996;Goodwin et al. 1982;Healy 1987;Siever and Davis, 1985;Souetre et al. 1988).Although melatonin is generally thought to be a primary modulator of circadian function through the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus (Armstrong and Redman 1993;Binkley 1993;Cassone et al. 1993;Dubocovich 1991;Ibata et al. 1997;Reiter 1993; From the Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (ULM, ASE), Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Wallingford, Connecticut; and University of Connecticut, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (GG), Storrs, Connecticut, USA.Address correspondence to: U. Lena Mullins, Ph.D., BristolMyers Squibb Company, Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department 408, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, USA.Received January 1, 1999; revised March 23, 1999; accepted March 26, 1999. N EUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 1999 -VOL . 21 , NO . 3 Effects of Antidepressants 353 Stankov et al. 1993), the serotonergic system also plays a critical role in circadian modulation. The SCN receives dense projections from the raphe serotonergic neurons originating in the brainstem (Jacobs and Azmitia 1992;Meyer-Bornstein and Morin 1996;Van De Kar and Lorens 1979). Lesions of the median raphe serotonergic system using the neurotoxic agent 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) produce a sever...

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c-Fos and Related Immediate Early Gene Products as Markers of Activity in Neuroendocrine Systems

Cited by 613 publications

References 0 publications

Central neural distribution of immunoreactive Fos and CRH in relation to plasma ACTH and corticosterone during sepsis in the rat

Central neural distribution of immunoreactive Fos and CRH in relation to plasma ACTH and corticosterone during sepsis in the rat

Anatomical location of mature GnRH neurons corresponds with their birthdate in the developing mouse

Effects of Antidepressants on 5-HT7 Receptor Regulation in the Rat Hypothalamus

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