“…Different techniques have been the main methods for the characterization of DNFSs. For instance, to verify the synthesis of silica NP-based mesoporous materials, we can use Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 54 X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, 55 transmission electron microscopy (TEM), 56 scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 37 atomic force microscopy (AFM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, 57 dynamic light scattering (DLS), 37 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), 50 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), 58 energy-dispersive X-ray uorescence spectroscopy (ED-XRF), 53 vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), 59,60 solid-state 13C CPMAS, 61 and 29Si CPMAS NMR spectroscopy. 53,62 The functional groups of nanocomposites can be identied by FTIR, and XRD (used for the determination of the crystalline structure and the phase purity of modied silica NPs).…”