C band transhorizon signal characterisations in evaporation duct propagation environment over Bohai Sea of China

Guo, Xulin; Zhao, Dongliang; Zhang, Lijun; Wang, Hongguang; Kang, Shaozhong; Lin, Leke

doi:10.1049/iet-map.2018.5040

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…for each step size do Compute V(x + ∆x, j∆p) by (27). Compute v(x + ∆x, m∆z) by (26). Compute e ik 0 (n(x,z)−2)∆x in the L-th slice.…”

Section: Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [ 25 ], an 87 km maritime microwave measurement demonstrated that atmospheric ducts can enhance the received signal by more than 40 dB and revealed that the evaporation duct communication is feasible. In [ 26 ], a 107 km measurement at the C band was conducted in the Bohai Sea and results indicated that the distribution of fast fading is close to a Rayleigh distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Sliced Parabolic Equation Method to Characterize Maritime Radio Propagation

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2023

Sensors

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For maritime broadband communications, atmospheric ducts can enable beyond line-of-sight communications or cause severe interference. Due to the strong spatial–temporal variability of atmospheric conditions in near-shore areas, atmospheric ducts have inherent spatial heterogeneity and suddenness. This paper aims to evaluate the effect of horizontally inhomogeneous ducts on maritime radio propagation through theoretical analysis and measurement validation. To make better use of meteorological reanalysis data, we design a range-dependent atmospheric duct model. Then, a sliced parabolic equation algorithm is proposed to improve the prediction accuracy of path loss. We derive the corresponding numerical solution and analyze the feasibility of the proposed algorithm under the range-dependent duct conditions. A 3.5 GHz long-distance radio propagation measurement is utilized to verify the algorithm. The spatial distribution characteristics of atmospheric ducts in the measurements are analyzed. Based on actual duct conditions, the simulation results are consistent with the measured path loss. The proposed algorithm outperforms the existing method during the multiple duct periods. We further investigate the influence of different duct horizontal characteristics on the received signal strength.

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“…for each step size do Compute V(x + ∆x, j∆p) by (27). Compute v(x + ∆x, m∆z) by (26). Compute e ik 0 (n(x,z)−2)∆x in the L-th slice.…”

Section: Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sliced Parabolic Equation Method to Characterize Maritime Radio Propagation

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2023

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A least-squares curve fit was applied to each of the 476 measurements. Furthermore, we got the M-refractivity profile by a log-linear function [9,10,45].…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Dimensional Deep-Learning-Based Evaporation Duct Height Prediction Model Derived from MAGIC Data

2022

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The evaporation duct height (EDH) can reflect the main characteristics of the near-surface meteorological environment, which is essential for designing a communication system under this propagation mechanism. This study proposes an EDH prediction network with multi-layer perception (MLP). Further, we construct a multi-dimensional EDH prediction model (multilayer-MLP-EDH) for the first time by adding spatial and temporal "extra data" derived from the meteorological measurements. The experimental results show that: 1) compared with the naval-postgraduate-school (NPS) model, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the meteorological-MLP-EDH model is reduced to 2.15 m, and the percentage improvement reached 54.00 %; 2) spatial and temporal parameters can reduce the RMSE to 1.54 m with an improvement of 66.96 %; 3) the multilayer-MLP- EDH model can match measurements well at both large and small scales by attaching meteorological parameters at extra height, the error is further reduced to 1.05 m, with 77.51 % improvement compared with the NPS model. The proposed model can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of the EDH and has great potential to improve the communication quality, reliability, and efficiency of ducting in evaporation ducts.

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“…The evaporation duct height (EDH) is typically low; EDH is the main characteristic parameter describing the refractive index of the atmosphere in the evaporation duct. The EDH parameters can be directly measured using meteorological sounding or meteorological gradiometer techniques [13]. However, due to the unique climate environment and surface type of the ocean, there is a serious lack of meteorological observation stations, making it difficult to achieve accurate regionalization and high-temporal resolution detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Ducts and Their Electromagnetic Propagation Characteristics in the Northwestern South China Sea

Yang

Wang

2023

Remote Sensing

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The propagation of electromagnetic waves beyond the line of sight can be caused by atmospheric ducts, which are significant concerns in the fields of radar and communication. This paper utilizes data from seven automatic weather stations and five radio-sounding stations to statistically analyze the characteristics of the atmospheric ducts in the northwest region of the South China Sea (SCS). After verifying the practicality of numerical analysis data from NCEP CFSv2 and ECMWF in studying atmospheric ducts using measured data, we analyzed the spatial–temporal distribution characteristics of the height of the regional evaporation duct and the bottom height of the elevated duct. The study found that the NCEP CFSv2 data accurately capture the evaporation duct height and duct occurrence rate in the study area, and the elevated duct bottom height calculated from ERA5 and the measured data have good consistency. The occurrence rate and height of the evaporation duct in coastal stations in the northwest of the SCS vary significantly by month, demonstrating clear monthly distribution patterns; conversely, changes in the Xisha station are minimal, indicating good temporal uniformity. For lower atmospheric ducts, the difference in occurrence rates between 00:00 and 12:00 (UTC) is negligible. The occurrence probability of elevated ducts in the Beibu Gulf area is relatively high, mainly concentrated from January to April, and the Xisha area is dominated by surface ducts without foundation layers, mainly concentrated from June to August. Monsoons play a critical role in the generation and evolution of atmospheric ducts in the northwest of the SCS, with the height of the evaporation duct increasing and the bottom height of the elevated duct decreasing after the onset of the summer monsoon. In the end, we simulated electromagnetic propagation loss under different frequencies and radiation elevation angles in various duct environments within a typical atmospheric duct structure.

show abstract

C band transhorizon signal characterisations in evaporation duct propagation environment over Bohai Sea of China

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

A Sliced Parabolic Equation Method to Characterize Maritime Radio Propagation

A Sliced Parabolic Equation Method to Characterize Maritime Radio Propagation

A Multi-Dimensional Deep-Learning-Based Evaporation Duct Height Prediction Model Derived from MAGIC Data

Atmospheric Ducts and Their Electromagnetic Propagation Characteristics in the Northwestern South China Sea

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