Byzantines, Berbers and Arabs in 7th-century Libya

Goodchild, R. G.

doi:10.1017/s0003598x00033044

Cited by 50 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…It was first suggested by Goodchild (1967) that this fortress at Tocra might be identified as the last monument of Byzantine rule in Cyrenaica. The structure is certainly later than the reign of the Emperors Valentian and Valens (AD 363-367) as their names appear on the inscription incorporated within the north wall at its eastern corner.…”

Section: (Ii) the Late Byzantine And Arab Fortressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…City life did not end with the Arab invasion. The buildings that were found projecting from the northern wall of the fortress in 1962-1965 suggested that town life may have continued as late as the period of the Beni Hillal. This picture was again confirmed in the area of the two southern towers where post AD 643 walls were found to abut the circuit wall or towers.…”

Section: (Ii) the Late Byzantine And Arab Fortressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the invitation of the Libyan Department of Antiquities and under the auspices of the British School at Rome and its former Director, Dr J. B. Ward-Perkins, the author was invited to organise urgent rescue examination of the city of Euhesperides (Benghazi) and to complete the excavation and prepare for publication the major late Byzantine structure partly revealed by the work of the late Professor R. G. Goodchild in 1962Goodchild in /1965 when he was Controller of Antiquities for Cyrenaica.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Excavations at Tocra and Euhesperides, Cyrenaica 1968-1969

Jones

1983

Libyan stud.

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Preliminary results of survey and limited excavations at Euhesperides (Benghazi) and Tocra are discussed. At Euhesperides part of one residential insula was excavated and a mosaic discovered. Evidence is presented that the insula and the city defences are contemporary, dating from the early fourth to the third centuries BC. The earliest stratified levels beneath the floors of the insula date to the early sixth century BC. The work at Tocra comprised a full survey of all visible archaeological remains. In particular, close study and limited excavation of the Byzantine Fortress suggest that the structure survived long beyond the Arab invasions of AD 642.

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Section: (Ii) the Late Byzantine And Arab Fortressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (Ii) the Late Byzantine And Arab Fortressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Excavations at Tocra and Euhesperides, Cyrenaica 1968-1969

Jones

1983

Libyan stud.

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“… 2 Ce nouveau contexte est traité dans de nombreux ouvrages, voir : Aibeche 2007 ; Benabbès 2004 ; Cardonne 1765 ; Christides 2000 ; Donner 1998 ; Fournel 1857 ; 1875 ; 1881 ; Goodchild 1967 ; Kaegi 2010 ; Siraj 1995. …”

Section: Notesunclassified

Quand observations et interprétations diffèrent : le cas de l'arc de triomphe de Tripoli dans les sources arabes

Mkacher¹

2017

Libyan Stud

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The only building which has been preserved from the ancient urban fabric of Tripoli, Oea in antiquity, is the Triumphal Arch. By considering Arab sources, we may shed new light on its evolution, the place it had been in the past and the way it was considered during those times. If we compare two excerpts from Arab-Muslim historiography, written by local travellers, with Western testimonies, we see that the monument was reinterpreted in the light of the new culture which was established in the region and of the local history of the city.

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“…Synesius' pessimistic account and the evident decline of most of the cities must be taken with the direct evidence relating to the first Arab campaigns. Ibn Abd-al-Hakam's account of the AD 642 campaign gives an insight into the political reality, Instead of being opposed by organised Byzantine resistance, 'Amr Ibn-al-Aasi swept across the Cyrenaican plateau to Barca (or Barce) and entirely ignored the Byzantine forces, who along with the 'rich men of the province', had withdrawn to make their last stand at Tauchira (Tocra) (Gateau 1947, 35-37;Goodchild 1967, 255-261 especially 258 for a translation of the other main source, John of Nikiu). According to Abd-al-Hakam, the people of Barca were Louata and had been occupying the lands of the Pentapolis for a long time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Laguatan: A Libyan Tribal Confederation in the Late Roman Empire

Mattingly

1983

Libyan stud.

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The tribal grouping known as the Laguatan, Leuathae and Lawata in various late Roman and Arabic sources are identified as a powerful confederation of Libyan tribes. The confederation comprised two main types of tribes. On the one hand there were neo-berbers who migrated from the east to the west through the Libyan desert in late antiquity; on the other, there were the original inhabitants of the desert oases, of Cyrenaica and of Tripolitania who formed alliances with the newcomers. The growth of the confederation had a destabilising effect on the Roman frontiers and severe raids were made against the more Romanised areas, notably the territoria of the coastal cities.Through the sedentary agriculture of the allied Libyans, based on settlements such as Ghirza, and new conquest and exploitation, the Laguatan established an economic and agricultural regime largely independent of Rome. It is inappropriate, therefore, to view the Laguatan simply as camel-riding nomads as has been done in the past, nor was the diffusion of the camel a decisive factor in the timing of the onset of their raids. It is argued, on the contrary, that the camel was present at a much earlier date, that it was mainly used as a pack- and farm animal in pre-Islamic times and that the horse was the main instrument of the Laguatan in warfare and raiding. The Laguatan were the instigators of a Libyan cultural, religious and political revival and their history is of great importance to an understanding of the late Roman and Islamic eras.

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Byzantines, Berbers and Arabs in 7th-century Libya

Abstract: HE extraordinary rapidity of the Arab * J. Maspero [24] suggests that the name 'Aboulyanos' given by John of Nikiu should be read as 'Flavianus'. It seems, however, more likely that it was Apollonios, a common enough name in Cyrenaica.

Cited by 50 publications

References 2 publications

Excavations at Tocra and Euhesperides, Cyrenaica 1968-1969

Excavations at Tocra and Euhesperides, Cyrenaica 1968-1969

Quand observations et interprétations diffèrent : le cas de l'arc de triomphe de Tripoli dans les sources arabes

The Laguatan: A Libyan Tribal Confederation in the Late Roman Empire

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