Bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation out-of-hospital. A first description of the bystanders and their experiences

Axelsson, Åsa; Herlitz, Johan; Ekström, Lars; Holmberg, Stig

doi:10.1016/s0300-9572(96)00993-8

Cited by 83 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…17 This suggests that comfort and training in CPR, not a willingness to perform CPR, are the limiting factors. 17,18 CPR and AED training for the general population may address many of these issues 2,18-25 and increase bystander CPR and AED application rates, which we know directly improve survival rates. 2 The secondary school system offers CPR and AED training to a high percentage of the population 19,26,27 who might witness an arrest, given that about 78% of cardiac arrests occur in the home.…”

Section: Ré Sumémentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automatic external defibrillator training in schools: “Is anyone learning how to save a life?”

Hart

Flores-Medrano

Brooks

et al. 2013

CJEM

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Objectives: Bystander resuscitation efforts, such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and use of an automatic external defibrillator (AED), save lives in cardiac arrest cases. School training in CPR and AED use may increase the currently low community rates of bystander resuscitation. The study objective was to determine the rates of CPR and AED training in Toronto secondary schools and to identify barriers to training and training techniques. Methods: This prospective study consisted of telephone interviews conducted with key school staff knowledgeable about CPR and AED teaching. An encrypted Web-based tool with prespecified variables and built-in logic was employed to standardize data collection. Results: Of 268 schools contacted, 93% were available for interview and 83% consented to participate. Students and staff were trained in CPR in 51% and 80% of schools, respectively. Private schools had the lowest training rate (39%). Six percent of schools provided AED training to students and 47% provided AED training to staff. Forty-eight percent of schools had at least one AED installed, but 25% were unaware if their AED was registered with emergency services dispatch. Cost (17%), perceived need (11%), and school population size (10%) were common barriers to student training. Frequently employed training techniques were interactive (32%), didactic instruction (30%) and printed material (16%). Conclusions: CPR training rates for staff and students were moderate overall and lowest in private schools, whereas training rates in AED use were poor in all schools. Identified barriers to training include cost and student population size (perceived to be too small to be cost-effective or too large to be implemented). Future studies should assess the application of convenient and cost-effective teaching alternatives not presently in use. RÉ SUMÉObjectifs: Les manoeuvres de ré animation effectué es par les té moins, telles que la ré animation cardiorespiratoire (RCR) et l'utilisation du dé fibrillateur externe automatique (DEA), peuvent sauver la vie dans les cas d'arrê t cardiaque. Enseigner, dans les é coles, la RCR et l'utilisation du DEA peut augmenter les faibles taux de ré animation effectué e par les té moins, enregistré s au moment de l'é tude dans les collectivité s. L'é tude visait à dé terminer les taux de formation sur la RCR et l'utilisation du DEA dans les é coles secondaires à Toronto et à cerner les obstacles à la formation et aux techniques de formation. Mé thode: Il s'agit d'une é tude prospective, qui consistait en des entrevues té lé phoniques et qui a é té mené e parmi des membres importants du personnel, bien au fait de la formation sur la RCR et l'utilisation du DEA. Nous avons utilisé un outil Web, encodé , comportant des variables pré dé terminé es et doté d'une fonction logique inté gré e pour uniformiser la collecte de donné es. Ré sultats: Sur 268 é coles avec lesquelles nous avons communiqué , 93% ont fait é cho à la demande d'entrevue et 83% ont accepté d'y participer. Les é lè ves et ...

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Section: Ré Sumémentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automatic external defibrillator training in schools: “Is anyone learning how to save a life?”

Hart

Flores-Medrano

Brooks

et al. 2013

CJEM

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“…One prospective observational study of 1265 MET calls (LOE 4) 198 described "psychological injury" related to CPR performance in one rescuer. Two large retrospective questionnaire-based reports relating to performance of CPR by a bystander (LOE 4) 247,248 reported that nearly all respondents regarded their intervention as a positive experience. Two small retrospective studies of nurses involved in delivery of CPR (LOE 4 249 ; LOE 5 250 ) noted the stress involved and the importance of recognition and management of this stress.…”

Section: Consensus On Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Part 12: Education, Implementation, and Teams

Mancini¹,

Soar²,

Bhanji³

et al. 2010

Circulation

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“…It was found that it was rare for them to be offered any kind of formal debriefing after these events (Axelsson, Herlitz, Ekstrom et al, 1996). The authors of the study commented that having someone available to talk with afterwards was an obvious necessity and that rescuers who did not have this resource provided felt it should be available.…”

Section: Debriefing Following Resuscitation Attemptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Axelsson et al(1998) argued that professionals had an ethical responsibility to ensure that bystanders were offered counselling after being 84 involved in a resuscitation attempt. Axelsson"s (1996; Skora and Riegel (2001) undertook a qualitative study specifically focussing on the experiences of laypeople who were involved in resuscitating strangers.…”

Section: Debriefing Following Resuscitation Attemptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Training lay-people to use automatic external defibrillators: Are all of their needs being met?

2006

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This thesis draws upon data gathered during research undertaken with a grant from the Resuscitation Council (UK). It explores the use of Automatic External Defibrillators (AEDs) by laypeople, which is known as Public Access Defibrillation (PAD). Whilst an abundance of research has been undertaken about this phenomenon, it has predominately been conducted using quantitative methods; however the data I am using was collected using a qualitative approach. During the research, fifty-three semi-structured interviews were carried out. Most of these were with laypeople who had been trained to use AEDs, and nine involved those who delivered the training. These interviews were conducted at sites typical of those where these devices have been introduced, such as railway stations and airports. The geographical area of these locations covered the East and West Midlands, South and West Yorkshire, Lincolnshire and Essex. The aims of the research were quite broad and included exploring how to make training more realistic, how debriefing and support for those who had used an AED should be organised and how the interviewees perceived the technology inherent in the AED.This thesis reanalyses the data that was collected during that research and focuses on two themes. Firstly, some of the theories of technologies in transition are used to illustrate how AEDs were developed in a laboratory and progressed from that setting to become commonplace in public locations. The actor-network theory is adopted to argue that these technological devices exert an influence on the human actors in the networks that exist within society. Specifically, my analysis is informed by the work of Timmermans (1998; 1999; 1997) whose theories about external chest compressions I have developed and applied to AEDs. They suggest that these devices achieved universality, in part, through the influence of debates and medical protocols.One significant factor was that AEDs allowed for defibrillation to be redefined from a medical, to a first aid procedure. Eventually, using these devices was included in the protocols for first aid and this legitimised their use by laypeople. These theories are observable in the data through the interviewees" accounts of how they came to accept being trained to use AEDs. The experiences of those who had used an AED during a resuscitation attempt are provided and suggest that these are distressing and unpleasant events.Consequently, a key component of this thesis is a discussion of the necessity to provide psychological debriefing for those who have been involved in these incidents.The findings of this thesis suggest that laypeople who have used an AED usually have questions about the actions they took during the attempted resuscitation and need to address these with someone soon afterwards.

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Bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation out-of-hospital. A first description of the bystanders and their experiences

Cited by 83 publications

References 20 publications

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automatic external defibrillator training in schools: “Is anyone learning how to save a life?”

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automatic external defibrillator training in schools: “Is anyone learning how to save a life?”

Part 12: Education, Implementation, and Teams

Training lay-people to use automatic external defibrillators: Are all of their needs being met?

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