Byproducts and pathways of toluene destruction via plasma-catalysis

Plasma-catalysis of metal loaded SBA-15 for toluene removal: Comparison of continuously introduced and adsorption-discharge plasma system

“…In continuously introduced plasma system, the main identified by-products of toluene degradation were benzoic acid, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol and nitrophenol. The results in this work were similar to other reports [40,41]. As depicted in the insert of Fig.…”

“…It was reported that plasma catalytic of VOCs involved both homogeneous reaction in gas-phase and heterogeneous catalysis on the catalysts [40]. The homogeneous reaction occurs between gaseous pollutant molecules and active gas-phase radicals, while heterogeneous catalysis includes pollutant adsorption/desorption on the catalyst surface, adsorption of ozone and direct interaction Fig.…”

Efficient degradation of gaseous benzene by VUV photolysis combined with ozone-assisted catalytic oxidation: Performance and mechanism

“…It is difficult to develop efficient methods to reduce VOCs emission. Many attempts have been made to remove VOCs, including adsorption [5], catalytic combustion [6,7], biological degradation [8], and nonthermal plasma [9]. However, these methods still can't meet the increasingly stringent discharge standards due to their intrinsic limitations and the diversity of VOCs.…”

In situ FT-IR study and evaluation of toluene abatement in different plasma catalytic systems over metal oxides loaded γ-Al2O3

“…Part of benzene can be oxidized into phenol by hydroxyl radical and others can be directly oxidized to ring-opening by-products. According to previous researches and TOF-MS spectra, phenyl radical could react with excited NO 2 • and OH• to form nitrobenzene and phenol, and phenol sequentially react with excited NO 2 • to form p-nitrophenol [22]. P-nitrotoluene appeared due to the reaction of toluene with radicals [23].…”