Butyrate enema therapy stimulates mucosal repair in experimental colitis in the rat.

Butzner, J. Decker; Parmar, Robin; Bell, Catherine; Dalal, Vikram L.

doi:10.1136/gut.38.4.568

Cited by 184 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…The importance of a regular supply of short-chain fatty acids for cellular nutrition can best be gauged by the results of studies demonstrating that administration of substances that inhibit the metabolism of short chain fatty acids are capable of triggering the onset of colitis 15,21 . Its importance for proper cell nutrition is more evident with the results of studies showing that the restoration of intestinal transit, normalizing the supply of short-chain fatty acids, or the application of enemas containing solutions rich in them in the excluded segments, can reverse the inflammatory process 10,22,23 . They are capable of modulating the proliferation of goblet cells and, when instilled into the colon without fecal stream, stimulate production and disposal of mucini 24,25 .…”

Section: Discussion Discussion Discussion Discussion Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Avaliação do número de células caliciformes nas criptas da mucosa colônica com e sem trânsito intestinal

Mello¹,

Silva²,

Fonte³

et al. 2012

Rev. Col. Bras. Cir.

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OBJETIVO: Medir a espessura das criptas e quantificar o número de células caliciformes comparando a mucosa cólica com e sem trânsito intestinal, relacionando-as ao tempo de exclusão. MÉTODOS: Sessenta ratos Wistar, foram distribuídos em três grupos com 20 animais segundo a operação final para a retirada dos cólons, realizadas em seis, 12 ou 18 semanas. Em cada grupo, 15 animais foram submetidos à derivação do trânsito por colostomia proximal no cólon esquerdo e fístula mucosa distal e cinco apenas à laparotomia (controle). Os cólons com e sem trânsito fecal foram removidos, processados, submetidos a cortes histológicos corados pela hematoxilina-eosina. A altura das criptas colônicas e o número de células caliciformes foram mensurados por morfometria computadorizada. Foram utilizados os testes t de Student e Kruskal-Wallis para comparação e análise de variância, estabelecendo-se nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: A altura das criptas diminui nos segmentos sem trânsito fecal (p=0,0001), reduzindo entre seis e 12 semanas de exclusão (p=0,0003), estabilizando-se após este período. O número de células caliciformes nas criptas é menor nos segmentos sem trânsito após 12 e 18 semanas (p=0,0001), porém aumenta com o decorrer do tempo de exclusão (p=0,04) CONCLUSÃO: A exclusão do trânsito intestinal diminui a espessura das criptas colônicas e o número de células caliciformes nos segmentos sem trânsito. Existe aumento do número de células caliciformes com o decorrer do tempo de exclusão.

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Section: Discussion Discussion Discussion Discussion Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Avaliação do número de células caliciformes nas criptas da mucosa colônica com e sem trânsito intestinal

Mello¹,

Silva²,

Fonte³

et al. 2012

Rev. Col. Bras. Cir.

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“…Activation of IL-8 expression is significantly diminished in Caco-2 cells after spontaneous differentiation by growth to a post-confluent state or after treatment with compounds that inhibit cell proliferation and induce markers of a differentiated phenotype such as vitamin D and sodium butyrate [12]. The effect of butyrate on IL-8 gene expression was of particular interest to us because indirect evidence suggests that it may normally play an important role in modulating the immune response of the colonic mucosa [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The only tissue in vertebrates that is normally exposed to substantial levels of butyrate is the mucosa of the colon through the fermentation of carbohydrates by the normal colonic bacterial flora [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-level expression of IkB-b in the surface epithelium of the colon: in vitro evidence for an immunomodulatory role

Huang

Wen

et al. 1999

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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The intestinal epithelium is spatially segregated into two compartments, one containing undifferentiated cells in a proliferative state and one with non-proliferative differentiated cells. Although this epithelium can produce many immunemodulating substances, emerging evidence suggests that the differentiated cell compartment is less immune responsive. Indeed, it is the differentiated cellular compartment that represents the interface between the highly antigenic luminal environment and the mucosal immune system. The NF-B/rel family of transcriptional activators play a critical role in regulating the inflammatory response by activating a wide variety of immune-modulating genes. These transcription factors are maintained in an inactive state in the cytoplasmic compartment by interaction with inhibitory proteins of the I B family. In this study we show by immunohistochemistry that I B-␤ is expressed at high levels specifically in the differentiated surface epithelium of the colonic mucosa. Using a naturally occurring compound found in the colon of vertebrates, butyrate, we provide evidence in an intestinal cell line that alteration of I B-␤ expression can modulate the transcriptional activation of the interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene by preventing the nuclear translocation of NF-B proteins. Therefore, the expression of I B-␤ in the differentiated surface epithelium of the colon may help these cells act as an immunological barrier to prevent activation of the mucosal immune system.

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“…It has even been implied that butyrate metabolism is impaired in these patients [109]. Butyrate enemas have been reported to exert benefi cial effects in UC and experimental colitis [110,111]. Recently, Vieira et al [112] showed that oral administration of sodium butyrate in a mouse colitis model is able to ameliorate mucosal damage and decrease infl ammation.…”

Section: Butyric Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in experimental models of colitis, the oral [112] and rectal [111,113] route of application proved to be most successful. Therefore, supplementation of the diet with BA as well as prebiotic supplementation to promote BA production could be of interest to other research fi elds as well.…”

Section: Butyric Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reevaluating the hype: four bacterial metabolites under scrutiny

Fröhlich

Mayerhofer

Holzer

2015

European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology

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With microbiome research being a fiercely contested playground in science, new data are being published at tremendous pace. The review at hand serves to critically revise four microbial metabolites widely applied in research: butyric acid, flagellin, lipoteichoic acid, and propionic acid. All four metabolites are physiologically present in healthy humans. Nevertheless, all four are likewise involved in pathologies ranging from cancer to mental retardation. Their inflammatory potential is equally friend and foe. The authors systematically analyze positive and negative attributes of the aforementioned substances, indicating chances and dangers with the use of pre-and probiotic therapeutics. Furthermore, the widespread actions of microbial metabolites on distinct organs and diseases are reconciled. Moreover, the review serves as critical discourse on scientific methods commonly employed in microbiome research and comparability as well as reproducibility issues arising thereof.

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Butyrate enema therapy stimulates mucosal repair in experimental colitis in the rat.

Cited by 184 publications

References 23 publications

Avaliação do número de células caliciformes nas criptas da mucosa colônica com e sem trânsito intestinal

Avaliação do número de células caliciformes nas criptas da mucosa colônica com e sem trânsito intestinal

High-level expression of IkB-b in the surface epithelium of the colon: in vitro evidence for an immunomodulatory role

Reevaluating the hype: four bacterial metabolites under scrutiny

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