Butyl Rubber A new Hydrocarbon Product

Thomas, Ruth M.; Lightbown, I. E.; Sparks, W. J.; Frolich, Per K.; Murphree, E. V.

doi:10.1021/ie50370a002

Cited by 55 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Butyl rubber/isobutylene-isoprene rubber (IIR) is well known with great applications in tire inner tube due to its excellent air impermeability and reasonably good heat and ozone resistance. [1,2] Cured butyl rubber has high resistance to chemical attack [3][4][5] and better damping characteristics. [6] Halogenated butyl rubber improves covulcanization properties with unsaturated generalpurpose elastomers such as natural rubber, polybutadiene rubber, and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) while maintaining other properties of the mostly saturated backbone structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Walnut shell ash as a sustainable material for compounding with bromobutyl rubber for tire inner liner applications

Chundawat¹,

Parmar²,

Deuri³

et al. 2020

Polymer Composites

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This paper reports walnut shell ash (WNS ash) a sustainable material for tubeless inner liner application. This sustainable material replaced the commercial magnesium oxide (MgO).The WNS ash generated at 550 C, is found to have 72% alkali metal and alkali earth metal, whereas commercial MgO shows 95% alkali metal and alkali earth metal. It was observed in this study WNS ash perform as cure retarder in bromobutyl rubber/bromo isobutylene isoprene rubber-based tube less inner liner compound and its performance was similar with commercial MgO; however, not exactly equivalent. Optimum cure retardation found at 0.40 phr loading with WNS ash. Interestingly, due to sulfur (S) and zinc (Zn), the WNS ash produced some cure activation effect. Cure rate was observed for 0.40 phr WNS ash load in gum/filled formulations at 35/15 minutes −1 compared to 30/10 minutes −1 in commercial MgO at 0.30 phr. Physical properties of compound made with 0.40 phr WNS ash and 0.30 phr MgO found comparable in both gum and filled system. Alkali metal and alkali earth metal of WNS ash at 0.40 phr loading is equivalent to 0.30 phr of MgO. This material is an important gateway in the rubber industry as a multifunction sustainable material.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BIIR filled compound mill mix with roll temperature maintained at 40 C. Set the nip gap at 0.65 mm and first add rubber for 1 minute. Then, add N660 Carbon, stearic acid, MgO (where pertinent), WNS ash (where pertinent) and MBTS for 9 minutes, make3 /4 cut from each side for 1 minute. Then, add ZnO and TBzTD-70 for 3 minutes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Walnut shell ash as a sustainable material for compounding with bromobutyl rubber for tire inner liner applications

Chundawat¹,

Parmar²,

Deuri³

et al. 2020

Polymer Composites

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“…Isobutylene‐based polymers have various commercial applications (Table 1). Isobutylene–isoprene rubber (IIR) is mostly used in tyres and tubes, sealants, adhesives and pharmaceutical stoppers and closures because of its excellent gas barrier, superior weathering, ozone resistance, oxidative stability and mechanical dampening properties 4–12 . Ozone and oxygen resistance properties originate from the saturated nature of the polymer chains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in butyl rubber synthesis via cationic polymerization: an overview

Sharma

Mohanty

Gupta

2021

Polymer International

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The global market is anticipated to display considerable growth for synthetic rubber because of superior product properties in comparison to natural rubber. The high volatility in natural rubber prices has been a major driver for the growth of synthetic rubber. Butyl rubber is a type of synthetic rubber mostly used in tyres and tubes, sealants, adhesives, protective clothes, pharmaceutical stoppers and closures, etc. The growing demand for butyl rubber in the automobile, construction and healthcare sectors has attracted researchers to explore various types of cationic co‐initiators. Cationic initiating systems play a vital role in controlling polymer microstructure, molecular weight, unsaturation content, etc. The present review covers numerous developments in the field of cationic copolymerization of isobutylene and isoprene. The review summarizes the chemistry of initiating systems based on boron, aluminium, aluminoxane, zinc, metallocenes and rare earth metals. It also gives brief information about the commercial process (slurry and solution) and structural characterization of butyl rubber. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…Regardless, the cationic mechanism is the primary means of producing a number of commodity products including: synthetic lubricants, [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] hydrocarbon resins, [16][17][18] terpene polymers, [19][20][21][22][23][24] polyisobutene, [25][26][27] poly(vinyl ethers), [28][29][30][31][32][33][34] and butyl rubber. [25,26,[35][36][37][38][39][40] Great effort has been made to synthesize them in a more benign manner. [7,8,19] A counterintuitive approach is to conduct reaction in water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regardless, the cationic mechanism is the primary means of producing a number of commodity products including: synthetic lubricants, hydrocarbon resins, terpene polymers, polyisobutene, poly(vinyl ethers), and butyl rubber . Great effort has been made to synthesize them in a more benign manner .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indefinitely active aqueous cationic polymerizations, part I: Low cost, recyclable initiator systems

Lewis

Richards

Damodaran

2020

Journal of Polymer Science

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This article describes the first example of an aqueous cationic polymerization that utilizes a low cost, safe, and highly recyclable initiator system (phosphotungstic acid) that retains its activity indefinitely. Quantitative yields of low to medium molecular weight polymers of p‐methoxystyrene and N‐vinylcarbazole are obtained within minutes to hours. Polymerization is first order in both monomer and phosphotungstic acid. Negatively charged surfactants suppress polymerization; whereas, nonionic soaps increase the reaction rate and reduce both polymer molecular weight and polydispersity index. Herein, the discovery of a new form of aqueous cationic polymerization involving the condensation of the alcoholic derivative of p‐methoxystyrene, 1‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)ethanol, is also disclosed.

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Butyl Rubber A new Hydrocarbon Product

Abstract: This paper presents the results of a thoroughly unorthodox approach to the synthetic rubber problem. In developing their new butyl rubber, the Esso Laboratories have turned to simple olefins rather than diolefins or more complicated chemical derivatives as the main raw material.

Cited by 55 publications

References 3 publications

Walnut shell ash as a sustainable material for compounding with bromobutyl rubber for tire inner liner applications

Walnut shell ash as a sustainable material for compounding with bromobutyl rubber for tire inner liner applications

Advances in butyl rubber synthesis via cationic polymerization: an overview

Indefinitely active aqueous cationic polymerizations, part I: Low cost, recyclable initiator systems

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