Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea Linn.) Extract Ameliorates Cardiovascular Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Nitric Oxide-Deficient Hypertensive Rats

Abstract

In this study, we examine whether Clitoria ternatea Linn. (CT) can prevent Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME)-induced cardiac and vascular dysfunction in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were given L-NAME (40 mg/kg, drinking water) and orally administered with CT extract (300 mg/kg/day) or lisinopril (2.5 mg/kg/day) for 5 weeks. The main phytochemical components of the CT extract were found to be flavonoids. The CT extract alleviated the high blood pressure in rats receiving L-NAME. Decreased vasorelaxation responses to acetylcholine and enhanced contractile responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation in aortic rings and mesenteric vascular beds of L-NAME treated rats were ameliorated by CT extract supplementation. Left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction were developed in L-NAME rats, which were partially prevented by CT extract treatment. The CT extract alleviated upregulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression, decreased plasma nitrate/nitrite levels, and increased oxidative stress in L-NAME rats. It suppressed high levels of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, plasma angiotensin II, and cardiac angiotensin II type 1 receptor, NADPH oxidases 2, nuclear factor-kappa B, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression. The CT extract, therefore, partially prevented L-NAME-induced hypertension and cardiovascular alterations in rats. These effects might be related to a reduction in the oxidative stress and renin–angiotensin system activation due to L-NAME in rats.

Ajuga bracteosa Exerts Antihypertensive Activity in l-NAME-Induced Hypertension Possibly through Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Proinflammatory Cytokines, and the Nitric Oxide/Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Pathway

“…The link between ROS production and RAS activation has been demonstrated in rats treated with l -NAME, where eNOS uncoupling has been demonstrated as a major source of superoxide production. 49 It has been found that NO-deficient hypertensive rats have low levels of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase and catalase. 31 Polyphenols are involved in providing fortification against diabetes, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases.…”

Diosmetin Ameliorates Vascular Dysfunction and Remodeling by Modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and p-JNK/p-NF-κB Expression in Hypertensive Rats

“…Sympathetic nerve overactivity was observed as the contractile response to EFS was increased, but not to exogenous NE in the hypertensive group. An increased sympathetic nerve-mediated contractile response in the mesenteric vascular bed has been observed in L-NAME rats [ 7 ]. This was supported by the evidence that increased central sympathetic drive is the important mechanism contributing to the hypertension induced by chronic inhibition of NOS with L-NAME [ 43 ].…”

“…Depletion of NO by Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a non-specific nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, has been established as a treatment to induce [3]. It has been reported that long-term treatment with L-NAME causes sustained hypertension, cardiovascular dysfunction, and remodeling in animals [4][5][6][7]. Moreover, sympathetic nerve-mediated contractile responses are enhanced in the vasculature isolated from NOS inhibitor-treated rats, which is relevant to a high level of plasma norepinephrine and a low level of plasma NO in these animal models [8][9][10].…”

Potensi Daun dan Bunga Telang (<i>Clitoria ternatea</i> L.) sebagai Antioksidan

“…3,16 Bunga telang memiliki kandungan fitokimia saponin, tannin, alkaloid, glycoside, phytosterol, karbohidrat, ternatin, flavonoid, resin, anthocyanin, triterpenoid, saponin, phenol, dan anthraquinone. 3,16,17 Hasil analisis fitokimia secara kualitatif pada penelitian Thakur et al (2018) menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun telang mengandung protein, karbohidrat, resin, tannin, saponin, flavonoid, alkaloid, steroid, dan glycoside. 18 Antioksidan pada tanaman berfungsi untuk melindungi sel-sel tanaman dari kerusakan akibat cahaya tinggi, melalui penyerapan sinar ultraviolet biru-hijau yang akan menghasilkan spesies oksigen reaktif, juga dikenal sebagai ROS (reactive oxygen species).…”