Butterfly genomics eclosing

Beldade, Patrícia; McMillan, W. Owen; Papanicolaou, Alexie

doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800934

Cited by 63 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…In addition, whilst the major players in the hormonal regulation may differ across stages in the life cycle, for example from ecdysone around the pupal moult to juvenile hormone and insulin signalling in the adult stage, downstream pathways probably have more in common. Development of tools of functional and ecological genomics for B. anynana provides a rich promise for the further exploration of such issues (Beldade et al 2006(Beldade et al , 2007.…”

Section: Discussion and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental plasticity and acclimation both contribute to adaptive responses to alternating seasons of plenty and of stress in Bicyclus butterflies

2007

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Plasticity is a crucial component of the life cycle of invertebrates that live as active adults throughout wet and dry seasons in the tropics. Such plasticity is seen in the numerous species of Bicyclus butterfl ies in Africa which exhibit seasonal polyphenism with sequential generations of adults with one or other of two alternative phenotypes. These differ not only in wing pattern but in many other traits. This divergence across a broad complex of traits is associated with survival and reproduction either in a wet season that is favourable in terms of resources, or mainly in a dry season that is more stressful. This phenomenon has led us to examine the bases of the developmental plasticity in a model species, B. anynana, and also the evolution of key adult life history traits, including starvation resistance and longevity. We now understand something about the processes that generate variation in the phenotype, and also about the ecological context of responses to environmental stress. The responses clearly involve a mix of developmental plasticity as cued by different environments in pre-adult development, and the acclimation of life history traits in adults to their prevailing environment.

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Section: Discussion and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental plasticity and acclimation both contribute to adaptive responses to alternating seasons of plenty and of stress in Bicyclus butterflies

2007

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“…A candidate gene approach revealed that the Distal-less gene segregates with the eyespot size phenotype, explaining up to 20% of the phenotypic difference between the selected lines in Bicyclus anynana (Beldade et al 2002). To determine the responsible genes for color pattern polymorphisms or mutants, an AFLP-based linkage map has been developed in several butterfly species (reviewed in Beldade et al 2008). Recently, the linkage of forewing color pattern and mate preference with the wingless gene in two Heliconius species (Kronforst et al 2006) and the linkage of the mimicry locus H with the invected gene in Papilio dardanus have been reported (Clark et al 2008), although these reports have not elucidated whether wingless or invected is the responsible gene for wing color pattern variation.…”

Section: T He Extremely Diverse Lepidopteran Color Pattern Ismentioning

confidence: 99%

yellow and ebony Are the Responsible Genes for the Larval Color Mutants of the Silkworm Bombyx mori

et al. 2008

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Many larval color mutants have been obtained in the silkworm Bombyx mori. Mapping of melaninsynthesis genes on the Bombyx linkage map revealed that yellow and ebony genes were located near the chocolate (ch) and sooty (so) loci, respectively. In the ch mutants, body color of neonate larvae and the body markings of elder instar larvae are reddish brown instead of normal black. Mutations at the so locus produce smoky larvae and black pupae. F 2 linkage analyses showed that sequence polymorphisms of yellow and ebony genes perfectly cosegregated with the ch and so mutant phenotypes, respectively. Both yellow and ebony were expressed in the epidermis during the molting period when cuticular pigmentation occurred. The spatial expression pattern of yellow transcripts coincided with the larval black markings. In the ch mutants, nonsense mutations of the yellow gene were detected, whereas large deletions of the ebony ORF were detected in the so mutants. These results indicate that yellow and ebony are the responsible genes for the ch and so loci, respectively. Our findings suggest that Yellow promotes melanization, whereas Ebony inhibits melanization in Lepidoptera and that melanin-synthesis enzymes play a critical role in the lepidopteran larval color pattern.

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“…This system allows us to combine knowledge of ecology (often minimal for classical genetic model species) with experimental tractability, all the way through to the study of the molecular underpinnings of variation in eyespot morphology. Moreover, recently developed genomic resources (Beldade et al 2007) and gene expression manipulation techniques (Marcus et al 2004;Ramos et al 2006) can now be applied to analysing the phenotypically divergent mutant stocks and selection lines (Beldade et al 2005) available in our laboratory. This type of integrated analysis holds much promise for deepening our knowledge about the origin and diversification of the lineage-specific morphologies such as butterfly eyespots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(c) Bicyclus anynana as an emerging 'eyespot evo-devo' model The tropical nymphalid butterfly Bicyclus anynana has been established as a laboratory system and used to study the reciprocal interactions between evolutionary and developmental processes underlying the formation of, and variation in, butterfly colour patterns (Beldade et al 2005(Beldade et al , 2007. This system allows us to combine knowledge of ecology (often minimal for classical genetic model species) with experimental tractability, all the way through to the study of the molecular underpinnings of variation in eyespot morphology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conserved developmental processes and the formation of evolutionary novelties: examples from butterfly wings

Saenko

French

Brakefield

et al. 2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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The origin and diversification of evolutionary novelties-lineage-specific traits of new adaptive value-is one of the key issues in evolutionary developmental biology. However, comparative analysis of the genetic and developmental bases of such traits can be difficult when they have no obvious homologue in model organisms. The finding that the evolution of morphological novelties often involves the recruitment of pre-existing genes and/or gene networks offers the potential to overcome this challenge. Knowledge about shared developmental processes obtained from extensive studies in model organisms can then be used to understand the origin and diversification of lineage-specific structures. Here, we illustrate this approach in relation to eyespots on the wings of Bicyclus anynana butterflies. A number of spontaneous mutations isolated in the laboratory affect eyespots, lepidopteran-specific features, and also processes that are shared by most insects. We discuss how eyespot mutants with disturbed embryonic development may help elucidate the genetic pathways involved in eyespot formation, and how venation mutants with altered eyespot patterns might shed light on mechanisms of eyespot development.

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Butterfly genomics eclosing

Cited by 63 publications

References 70 publications

Developmental plasticity and acclimation both contribute to adaptive responses to alternating seasons of plenty and of stress in Bicyclus butterflies

Developmental plasticity and acclimation both contribute to adaptive responses to alternating seasons of plenty and of stress in Bicyclus butterflies

yellow and ebony Are the Responsible Genes for the Larval Color Mutants of the Silkworm Bombyx mori

Conserved developmental processes and the formation of evolutionary novelties: examples from butterfly wings

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