Butler Matrix 4x4 Ultra High Frequency

Ravshanov, Dilshod Ch.; Letavin, Denis A.; Terebov, Ilya A.

doi:10.1109/synchroinfo49631.2020.9166084

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, ATL makes the structure design complex and hard to manufacture. It further narrows the operational bandwidth of the system compared to traditional BM as was reported in [114]- [117]. As a result of additional loss due to a large number of discontinuities in the design, thus significantly de- teriorating the overall performance.…”

Section: A Single Band Butler Matrixmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The traditional design is subject to limited bandwidth and large electrical size due to λ/4 length transmission-line sections [97]. To mitigate the problem, several techniques have been reported by many researchers, such as BM without crossovers [98]- [102], with transformed Branch line coupler [103], [104], BM with the introduction of MTM structure [105]- [113] and ATL-based BM [114]- [117]. Some new concepts improved bandwidth whereas others achieved size reduction by removing crossing entirely.…”

Section: A Single Band Butler Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to the standard design, the size reductions were achieved by replacing conventional TLs with ATL, that resulted in 72.5% and 59.6% miniaturization. A compact 4×4 BM was proposed in [117]. ATLs replaced the quarter-wavelength transmission line segment in designing BLC.…”

Section: A Single Band Butler Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Developments of Butler Matrix From Components Design Evolution to System Integration for 5G Beamforming Applications: A Survey

et al. 2022

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Beamforming networks for multiple beam antennas are believed to be in the vanguard of technological developments in mmWave for 5G wireless applications. The basic idea of beamforming technique is the application of multiple antenna elements radiating the same signal at an identical phase and wavelength, into one strong signal pointed to a specific direction. For low cost and power consumption, radio frequency beamforming networks (RF-BFNs) such as Blass matrices, Butler matrices, and Nolen matrices will play a critical role in achieving the ever-increasing demands in wireless technology. Therefore, this study aims to present a comprehensive survey and developments of RF-BFNs with (particular focus in Butler matrices). From the fundamental perspectives of the beamforming techniques and progress over time, component evolution includes branch-line coupler (BLC), Phase shifter (PS), and Crossovers to complete system Butler matrix (BM) integration. Different design techniques to improve bandwidth, size reduction, multi-band, and other performance characteristics are discussed extensively. Furthermore, the paper also discusses different geometry of Butler matrices in open microstrip transmission lines, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and gap waveguide (GWG) technologies highlighting key developments and research challenges from single band to dual-band operations. We expect this paper to provide more profound insights into the designs processes and suggest suitable ways to facilitate further developments of RF-beamforming networks at mmWave and sub-mmWave frequency ranges.INDEX TERMS Beamforming networks (BFNs), Butler matrix (BM), fifth-generation (5G), metamaterial (MTM), millimetre-waves (mmWave), substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), gap waveguide (GWG), ridge gap waveguide (RGW), groove gap waveguide (GGW).

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Section: A Single Band Butler Matrixmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: A Single Band Butler Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Developments of Butler Matrix From Components Design Evolution to System Integration for 5G Beamforming Applications: A Survey

et al. 2022

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“…In recent years, miniaturization of Butler matrix has been researched [60] and the 90 • -hybrid circuits have been improved to enhance their bandwidth, i.e in [61] the authors can achieve a 36% of operative bandwidth, far away from the conventional structures. Moreover, the huge advance in 3D printing technologies allows the RF engineers to implement a 4x4 Butler matrix directly on coaxial technology at high frequency bands, the authors in [62] perform 20% bandwidth on frequencies above 10GHz.…”

Section: Beamforming Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced substrate integrated waveguide slot arrays for radiofrequency worldwide coverage systems

Sebastián¹

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This paper presents a novel slotted array for dual-band and circular-polarized applications. Two different propagation modes within a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW), 𝑇 𝐸 10 and 𝑇 𝐸 20 , feed at the same time two pairs of slots, aimed at different frequency bands. The pairs are properly placed to be illuminated by an only propagation mode, whereas the magnetic field of the other propagation mode presents a null. Unlike many dual-band slot arrays, this novel antenna holds the same beam tilt for both frequency bands by a new method, which is only feasible through the use of two propagation modes. A dual-mode transition, based on a double microstrip input, allows to excite both propagation modes within the SIW, and it can be fed by a novel single layer dual-band phase shifter with a different shift at each frequency. A square patch is placed over each pair of slots to increase the coupled energy per element, resulting in a low polarization loss and high performance compact antenna at 3.5 GHz and 6 GHz for dual-band TX/RX systems at C-Band.

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