Butadiene from Ethyl Alcohol

Properties and activity of Zn–Ta-TUD-1 in the Lebedev process

“…As a result, it is unlikely that aldol condensation exclusively takes place on Lewis Ta(V) sites, despite its well-established condensation activity. 5,21,94,95 In agreement with Li et al, 97 who studied the Lebedev mechanism on Zn-Y/SiBEA, Zn(II) is likely to contribute to the coupling activity of the catalyst. This conclusion is further reinforced by a linear correlation we previously observed between the total number of acid sites probed by NH 3 on Zn-Ta catalysts 37 and BD selectivity.…”

“…87,88,93 Supported tantalum oxide has long been known to catalyse the conversion of ethanol-acetaldehyde mixtures to butadiene. 21,[94][95][96] Consequently, a simple explanation of the Zn-Ta-TUD-1 activity would be that the zinc phase provides the ability to catalyst of forming acetaldehyde from ethanol and the tantalum phase to condense it to precursors of butadiene. 37 Catalytic testing combined with characterization was employed to check this hypothesis.…”

VAPOR-PHASE CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF ETHANOL INTO 1,3-BUTADIENE ON Cr-Ba/MCM-41 CATALYSTS

“…Thus, 2% was achieved on 2%Ta 2 O 5 -98%SiO 2 [Jones et al, 1945]; 14% on hydroxyapatite [Tsuchida et al, 2008]; 16% on MgO/SiO 2 [Kvisle et al, 1988]; 25% on 1%Ag-10%ZrO 2 -500%SiO 2 [Jones et al, 1945]; and 52, 56 and 58% on ZnO-MgO/SiO 2 , Ag-MgO/SiO 2 , and CuO-MgO/SiO 2 , respectively [Makshina et al, 2012]. The values above correspond to 1,3-butadiene yield from pure ethanol, without addition of reaction promoters (e.g., acetaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, hydrogen) in the feed stream to the reactor, commonly used to improve the 1,3-butadiene yield [Ordomskiy et al, 2012;Jones et al, 2011;Bhattacharyya and Sanyal, 1967;Bhattacharyya and Avasthi, 1966;Corson et al, 1950].…”

“…Barium was chosen for its alkaline properties. Barium catalysts supported on silica (2%BaO-98%SiO 2 and 10%BaO-90%SiO 2 ) have been previously studied for the production of 1,3-butadiene from ethanol, reaching less than 7% of 1,3-butadiene yield [Corson et al, 1950]. In addition, Kaya et al (2010) were able to introduce barium in the pores of Al-MCM-41 without damaging the structure of the sieve.…”

1,3-Butadiene Production by Crotyl Alcohol Dehydration over Solid Acids and Catalyst Deactivation by Water Adsorption

“…Crotyl alcohol (2-buten-1-ol, CA), apart from its usage in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemi-cals, and fragrances 5), 6) , is also used as a raw material for the production of butadiene via dehydration. One method of on-purpose butadiene production known since the 1940s is the "ethanol-to-butadiene method" 7), 8) . Since the demands for eco-friendly, bio-based butadiene are growing, many recent studies have focused on one-step butadiene production from ethanol 9) .…”