Butadiene from Ethanol

Charge Transfer and Photocatalytic Activity in CuO/TiO2 Nanoparticle Heterojunctions Synthesised through a Rapid, One‐Pot, Microwave Solvothermal Route

“…compared many catalytic systems that were thought to be effective in the one‐ and two‐step processes 93. 102, 103, 117 Although their attention was mainly focused on the latter, some interesting results were obtained also for the direct conversion of ethanol. Similar to the results Natta and Rigamonti reported,115 the best catalyst again proved to be a ternary oxide of magnesia, silica and chromium(III) oxide (59:39:2 wt % respectively), showing a 39 % yield at 698 K. Tantalum oxide could be used instead of chromium(III) oxide for the one‐step process, albeit at the expense of a slightly lower butadiene yield (34 % vs. 39 %).…”

Highly Active and Selective Zr/MCF Catalyst for Production of 1,3-Butadiene from Ethanol in a Dual Fixed Bed Reactor System

“…The conversion of ethanol to BD has been well documented in the literature and patents, mainly using silica and alumina-supported single, binary, or ternary metal oxides such as copper, magnesium, silver, tantalum, zinc, and zirconium. − The reaction was first reported in the early 20th century by Lebedev and Ostromislensky. Lebedev used a tantalum-on-silica catalyst for one-step conversion.…”

“…29 Overall, butadiene yield could be improved by using a mixture of acetaldehyde (or crotonaldehyde) and ethanol as a feedstock. [6][7][8][9][10][11]30 According to a 1947 patent, a mixture of acetaldehyde and ethanol was produced from denatured ethanol using a reduced copper catalyst on alumina and fed directly to another reactor containing tantalum oxide supported on silica to produce BD with 23% yield and low productivity over 20 h. 12 It was calculated that the Ostromislensky reaction, at an ethanol conversion of 44% and BD selectivity of 55%, was industrially viable. 11,31 The type of catalyst support was found to have a strong influence on the catalyst performance.…”

Sol–gel synthesis of ZrO2–SiO2 catalysts for the transformation of bioethanol and acetaldehyde into 1,3-butadiene

“…[8][9][10][11][12] or ZnO/Al 2 O 3 . [13][14][15][16] While much earlier in the USA, a two-step process 17 has been implemented by Ostromyslensky in which partial ethanol (EtOH) dehydrogenation to acetaldehyde (AA) 18,19 as the rst step, followed by the transformation of the mixture of ethanol and acetaldehyde into BD. 20 The mechanism of BD formation from ethanol or the mixture of ethanol and acetaldehyde is very complicated and is still a subject of debate.…”