Business models for energy communities: A review of key issues and trends

Reis, Inês F. G.; Gonçalves, Ivo; Lopes, Marta A. R.; Antunes, Carlos Henggeler

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111013

Cited by 114 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The first examples of community-based energy generation were experienced in Denmark and the UK during the last decade of the 20th century [18][19][20][21]. These collective initiatives were termed as "community renewables" [18].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Financial concerns constitute a serious barrier to the decision to join energy communities. This barrier, however, may be overcome with effective financial incentive schemes [20,31,51]. Bureaucracy and legal and administrative barriers also hinder increasing the participation to energy communities [32].…”

Section: Multipurposementioning

confidence: 99%

“…16), access to data (Art. 20,23,24,34,61), electromobility clean energy (Art. 33), and new responsibilities for distribution and transmission system operators (Chapter IV and V) as well as national energy regulators [10].…”

Section: Internal Electricity Market Directive (Ed 2019) 2019/944mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Legal Provisions and Market Conditions for Energy Communities in Austria, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain, and Turkey: A Comparative Assessment

et al. 2021

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The Climate Pact and the European Green Deal constitute the main components of the European Union (EU)’s climate change policy. Energy transition, that is, transformation to a zero-carbon global energy system, is one of the main pillars of climate change mitigation policies. This transformation, coupled with the empowerment of individuals within the energy system, shifts citizens from their roles as customers towards a more active role. Within this framework, energy communities stand out as significant facilitators for the participation of individuals and communities in the energy system, promoting self-consumption and contributing to the social acceptance of renewable energy initiatives, among other direct and indirect benefits. The main directives introducing energy communities into the EU legal system are RED II and ED 2019. This study, conducted as a part of a Horizon 2020-funded eCREW project, assessed the adaptability and implementability of these two directives within national legislation, along with the associated legal and administrative frameworks, utilizing evidence from Austria, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain, and Turkey. The comparative analysis also enhances the understanding of the concept of renewable energy communities and citizen energy communities, both in the EU and in nonmember countries. The results of the analysis revealed that none of the countries studied had yet completed the process of harmonizing their legislation concerning energy communities.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multipurposementioning

confidence: 99%

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Legal Provisions and Market Conditions for Energy Communities in Austria, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain, and Turkey: A Comparative Assessment

et al. 2021

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“…Note finally that these energy communities also relate to the third wave of new entrants, as they can enter the electricity markets via aggregation. Lastly, [79] review different energy community business models among which there are, even though still scarce, business models involving services such as aggregation.…”

Section: Citizen and Renewable Energy Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welcoming New Entrants into European Electricity Markets

2021

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In this review paper, we select four important waves of new entrants that knocked on the door of European electricity markets to illustrate how market rules need to be continuously adapted to allow new entrants to come in and push innovation forward. The new entrants that we selected are utilities venturing into neighbouring markets after establishing a strong position in their home market, utility-scale renewables project developers, asset-light software companies aggregating smaller consumers and producers, and different types of communities. We show that well-intentioned rules designed for certain types of market participants can (unintentionally) become obstacles for new entrants. We conclude that the evolution of market rules illustrates the importance of dynamic regulation. At the start of the liberalisation process the view was that we would deregulate or re-regulate the sector after which the role of regulators could be reduced. However, their role has only increased. New players tend to improve the sustainability of the electricity sector in environmental, social, or economic terms but might also present new risks that require intervention by regulators.

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“…This may be due to the low number of overall literature review publications in the field of energy communities Mostly these reviews do not focus on issue solving; they are concentrating on identifying and analysing the development and prospects of certain parts of the energy community For example, authors of [8] provided an insight to P2P model implementation perspec tives and future research opportunities, such as P2P economics, psychology, industria engineering and other fields of development. Another review [9] analysed eight energy communities' business models and their impact on energy community development. Th following literature review looks in a different direction and it is devoted to finding an swers to the aforementioned research questions, but first it is necessary to consider th methodology for selecting the basis of this review-PV communities-related scientific lit erature and publications.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

PV Energy Communities—Challenges and Barriers from a Consumer Perspective: A Literature Review

2021

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Renewable energy sources, in particular those based on solar radiation, are growing rapidly and are planned to play an instrumental role in building power systems to reach the 2030 and 2050 energy and climate mitigation objectives. However, new actors have been introduced into the energy field, highlighting the importance of the role of citizens and communities in building such energy systems. To outline the significance of citizens in the development of solar energy communities and to describe the benefits of and barriers to their implementation so far, a comprehensive literature review has been carried out based on 64 thoroughly selected, reliable scientific publications (published within 2015–2021), revealing the latest trends, technologies and research in this field. The research focuses on four consumer interest areas: policy, economic, technical and social, covering the following subsections: policy, trading model, economic assessment, business model, energy management, demand response, modelling tools and consumer adoption. Within each subsection the conducted review seeks to answer the questions related to the further development and implementation of PV energy communities, considering consumer needs and revealing the possible solutions.

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Business models for energy communities: A review of key issues and trends

Cited by 114 publications

References 58 publications

Legal Provisions and Market Conditions for Energy Communities in Austria, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain, and Turkey: A Comparative Assessment

Legal Provisions and Market Conditions for Energy Communities in Austria, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain, and Turkey: A Comparative Assessment

Welcoming New Entrants into European Electricity Markets

PV Energy Communities—Challenges and Barriers from a Consumer Perspective: A Literature Review

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