Business groups and corporate social responsibility: Evidence from China

State-Owned Shareholding and CSR: Do Multiple Financing Methods Matter?—Evidence from China

“…Lee et al [13] took manufacturing industry enterprises listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2008 to 2012 as the research object, and found that when considering state subsidies, non-SOEs have higher disclosure levels than SOEs. Guo et al [14] found that enterprises with state-owned shares performed worse in social responsibility disclosure than those without state-owned shares. They believe that this is because the status of SOEs provides legitimacy for enterprises, and reduces the need for CSR.…”

Board Composition and Corporate Social Responsibility Performance: Evidence from Chinese Public Firms

“…We control the firm size since large firms may have more resources to improve and maintain their CSR performance. Similarly, we control for firm performance because the implementation of CSR practices requires significant financial investment [73,74]. Additionally, we control for other variables of a given board of directors that may affect CSR performance, for example, the board size and number of independent directors.…”

Do CSR Ratings Converge in China? A Comparison Between RKS and Hexun Scores

“…However, research is lacking on the validity of measuring CSR performance and disclosure quality, as well as the convergent validity between these scores. In this paper, a comparative and quantitative analysis was performed for the period 2010-2017, and the following results were obtained: (1) Based on a comparison of the rating methods, information sources, and other factors, RKS is more suitable for measuring the CSR disclosure quality, while Hexun is more suitable for measuring the CSR performance; (2) based on a Spearman correlation analysis, the convergent validity between these two scores is very low, particularly after 2013; and (3) the sub-indicator weights of the RKS system always maintain a high stability, whereas those of the Hexun system suffer from severe fluctuations starting in 2013.Sustainability 2019, 11, 3921 2 of 20 mechanisms of economic consequences [20][21][22][23], the drivers of CSR performance [24][25][26][27][28][29], and economic consequences [30][31][32][33][34][35]; and (2) the HX score is used only as a proxy for the CSR performance level, such as in research on the drivers of CSR performance [36][37][38][39][40] and the economic consequences of CSR performance [19,33,[41][42][43]. Some studies even use the level-1 sub-indicator of the HX score, the environmental dimension HXE, to score a firm's environmental performance level [44,45].Sustainability 2019, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 21 also for CSR performance levels, such as in research on the drivers of CSR disclosure quality [16][17][18][19], the mechanisms of economic consequences [20][21]…”

“…Sustainability 2019, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 21 also for CSR performance levels, such as in research on the drivers of CSR disclosure quality [16][17][18][19], the mechanisms of economic consequences [20][21][22][23], the drivers of CSR performance [24][25][26][27][28][29], and economic consequences [30][31][32][33][34][35]; and (2) the HX score is used only as a proxy for the CSR performance level, such as in research on the drivers of CSR performance [36][37][38][39][40] and the economic consequences of CSR performance [19,33,[41][42][43]. Some studies even use the level-1 sub-indicator of the HX score, the environmental dimension HXE, to score a firm's environmental performance level [44,45].…”