Bushfires in Australia: a serious health emergency under climate change

Pei, Yu; Xu, Rongbin; Abramson, Michael J.; Li, Shanshan; Lee, Hyewon

doi:10.1016/s2542-5196(19)30267-0

Cited by 154 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In a rapidly urbanizing world, climate change and the misuse and mismanagement of land and resources are triggering natural disasters and increasing their intensity [3,4]. Subsequently, cities are becoming frequently subjected to the direct or indirect impacts of natural disasters-for example, the 2019 Amazon Rainforest fires [5] and the 2020 Australian bushfires [6]. There have been numerous top-down (e.g., the Paris Agreement, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, UN's Sustainable Development Goals, UN Climate Change Conferences) and bottom-up (e.g., school strikes, extinction rebellion protests, climate emergency declarations) attempts to raise awareness and develop policy actions to address the climate emergency [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions and Risks of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Building Smarter Cities: Insights from a Systematic Review of the Literature

et al. 2020

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Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most disruptive technologies of our time. Interest in the use of AI for urban innovation continues to grow. Particularly, the rise of smart cities—urban locations that are enabled by community, technology, and policy to deliver productivity, innovation, livability, wellbeing, sustainability, accessibility, good governance, and good planning—has increased the demand for AI-enabled innovations. There is, nevertheless, no scholarly work that provides a comprehensive review on the topic. This paper generates insights into how AI can contribute to the development of smarter cities. A systematic review of the literature is selected as the methodologic approach. Results are categorized under the main smart city development dimensions, i.e., economy, society, environment, and governance. The findings of the systematic review containing 93 articles disclose that: (a) AI in the context of smart cities is an emerging field of research and practice. (b) The central focus of the literature is on AI technologies, algorithms, and their current and prospective applications. (c) AI applications in the context of smart cities mainly concentrate on business efficiency, data analytics, education, energy, environmental sustainability, health, land use, security, transport, and urban management areas. (d) There is limited scholarly research investigating the risks of wider AI utilization. (e) Upcoming disruptions of AI in cities and societies have not been adequately examined. Current and potential contributions of AI to the development of smarter cities are outlined in this paper to inform scholars of prospective areas for further research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions and Risks of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Building Smarter Cities: Insights from a Systematic Review of the Literature

et al. 2020

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“…To add a level of perspective, the PM2.5 levels were four times higher than the WHO guidelines in Sydney in December 2019. This trend of frequent and large bushfires will increase with climate change 2 …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

A brief introduction to climate change and health

Fairweather

Hertig

Traidl‐Hoffmann

2020

Allergy

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To the Editor, Our climate is changing at an unprecedented rate. This not only has impacts on the planet and the ecosystem, with extinction rates rising rapidly, but also on human health (Figure 1 ). The effects of climate change are and will continue to disrupt the basic requirements for health such as clean water, clean air, adequate food and will furthermore exacerbate underlying social, economic and ecological factors that cause illness and premature death. The repercussions of climate change should not be consid-

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“…An estimated 21% of Australia's forestlands was burnt in a single season, with a huge loss of biodiversity (Boer et al 2020) and major cities experienced weeks to months of hazardous levels of bushfire smoke. For most of December, Sydney experienced 24-h PM 2.5 levels that were 4-fold the acceptable limit, on occasion reaching levels of 500 mg m À3 , or 20-fold the acceptable limit (Yu et al 2020). Canberra, the nation's capital, was among the world's top 10 polluted cities for the last two weeks of 2019 ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%