Busca de Tetranychus evansi e seus inimigos naturais no Peru e no norte da Argentina

Abstract

Search for Tetranychus evansi and its natural enemies in Peru and northern Argentina The mite Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard (Tetranychidae) in known from several countries attacking plants of the family Solanaceae. It has been calling the attention of researchers for its pest status on tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in Africa and for its recent dispersal to countries in the Mediterranean region and in Asia. South America has been considered the possible region of origin of this mite. In the context of a classical biological control project, searches for efficient natural enemies of T. evansi have been conducted in South America, for introduction in Africa. The present work reports results of searches conducted in Peru and northern Argentina, in places climatically similarities to regions in Africa where T. evansi is found. The searches were conducted in 10 Departments in Peru and in 6 Provinces in Argentina. Of the mites found in those surveys, Phytoseiidae and Tetranychidae were the most diverse in both countries. T. evansi was not found in Peru, but it was the tetranychid most frequently found in Argentina. In the former country, Tetranychus desertorum Banks was the most frequent tetranychid. The phytoseiids most frequently found were Euseius emanus (El-Banhawy), Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) e Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) evectus (Schuster) in Peru and Euseius concordis (Chant) in Argentina. The pathogenic fungus Neozygites floridana Weiser and Muma, Entomophthorales, was the natural enemy most commonly found in association with T. evansi in Argentina. This fungus seems a promising control agent of T. evansi; it was found causing epizooties in a tomato and in an egg plant (Solanum melongena L.) plantation during this study. Predaceous mites were rarely found associated with T. evansi in Argentina; N. californicus, Neoseiulus idaeus Denmark & Muma and Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks) were the phtoseiids occasionally found in association with it. Phytoseilus longipes Evans, considered a promising control agent of T. evansi, found previously by other authors in southern Brazil, was neither found in Argentina nor Peru. Complementary studies on the performance of the natural enemies found in this study in association with T. evansi are warranted.

Preferencias del consumidor por la carne bovina en las principales ciudades de la Región Caribe de Colombia

“…Alvarado et al (10), realizaron un trabajo de caracterización del consumidor de carne de pollo en el área metropolitana de Monterrey en México, la técnica que usaron fue el algoritmo chaid. Los principales resultados son la correlación positiva entre el ingreso y el consumo explicadas también por el tipo de corte y el servicio, lo que indica que este bien tiene características de ser normal con elasticidad ingreso de la demanda positiva.…”

Predación de Euseius emanus (El Banhawy, 1979) sobre Oligonychus beeri Estebanes & Baker, 1968

“…En ecosistemas agrícolas, los ácaros predadores, de la familia Phytoseiidae, son usados como agentes de control biológico de ácaros, trips y moscas blancas; existen experiencias de su papel en las regulaciones de ácaros fitófagos en frutales (Hardman et al, 1991;Walde et al, 1992;Solomon et al, 1993;Raudonis et al, 2004;Demite et al, 2014). En el Perú se tienen registros de especies de ácaros predadores en frutales (Guanilo, 2007;Muñoz, 2013;Muñoz & Rodríguez, 2014). En el Perú, las especies de ácaros fitófagos del género Oligonychus Berlese, 1886, están reportadas como plagas en las zonas de producción agrícola (Gonzales & Flechtmann, 1977).…”

Nanostructured Particles for Controlled Polymer Release in Enhanced Oil Recovery

“…Water flooding is one of the methods used most widelyf or oil recovery;h owever,i ts sweep efficiency is not very high because of water channelingp henomena. As af irst alternative,p olymer flooding has been used to overcomet he poor efficiency of water flooding and, because of the increased viscosity of the aqueous phase, [1,2] polymer flooding yields ac onsiderably enhanced oil recovery (EOR). [3,4] Aqueous solutionso fh igh-molecular-weight polyacrylamide (PAM) and its partially hydrolyzed form (HPAM; > 1 10 6 gmol À1 ) as thickeninga gents are the most widelyu sed displacing fluids to modify the mobility ratio of water to oil because of the viscosity enhancemento ft he injected water.…”