“…Hence, the received signal, after demodulation experiences phase distortion, ICI and amplitude reduction. As shown in previous works [51, 52], in an OFDM‐based system, the sub‐carriers may not be located at integer multiples due to the CFO. We analyse the impact of various levels of CFO on the BER performance of FFT–NOMA and W‐NOMA through simulation results.…”