Burnout, Presenteeism and Workplace Conditions of Korean Taekwondo Coaches of High-Performance Athletes

Abstract

Coaching is a stressful occupation, with expectations that are physically and psychologically demanding. Coaches are highly susceptible to occupational burnout and presenteeism, which ultimately affects the entire sporting community. In this study, coaching stress was evaluated by surveying taekwondo coaches to analyze the contributions of unique cultural predispositions and workplace conditions (environmental) to coach stress, burnout, and presenteeism. We verified the positive correlation between workplace conditions, burnout, and presenteeism for 210 taekwondo coaches; performed frequency, correlation, and confirmatory analysis using the compiled data; and the discussed the results within the framework of a formulated structural equation model. The research results are as follows. First, the workplace conditions of taekwondo coaches had a negative effect on burnout syndrome. Second, the workplace conditions of taekwondo coaches had a negative effect on presenteeism. Lastly, burnout of taekwondo coaches had a significant effect on presenteeism. Therefore, coaches’ burnout decreases as their workplace conditions improve, and presenteeism decreases as their burnout increases in controlled workplace conditions.

The Mental Health of Elite-Level Coaches: A Systematic Scoping Review

“…These levels started to decrease in November once the competitive season had concluded Ryska [ 106 ] Quantitative, Cross-sectional; 40% 345 (267:78) Burnout Various; U.S NCAA Division I Coaches generally reported low levels of burnout. Those who pursued prestige goals and public relations using a high strategic-low collaborative relationship were more likely to experience burnout, whereas those who pursued personal growth and athletic excellence with a low bureaucratic-high collaborative leadership were less likely to suffer burnout Seo et al [ 107 ] Quantitative, Cross-sectional; 60% 210 (151:59) Burnout Taekwondo; South Korea National Workplace conditions negatively predicted burnout, whereas burnout positively predicted presenteeism in South Korean National coaches. Those operating within a positive working environment were less likely to suffer burnout and presenteeism Smith et al [ 81 ] Quantitative, Cross-sectional; 0% 21 (7:14) Eating Disorders Cheerleading; U.S NCAA Division I 38.1% of coaches were considered to be at risk of an eating disorder.…”

“…Thirty-two (76.2%) of the included studies examined themes associated with mental ill-health. Studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria explored symptoms associated with burnout ( n = 21, 50%) [ 45 , 78 – 80 , 83 , 87 – 89 , 93 , 96 – 107 ], anxiety ( n = 10, 23.8%) [ 11 , 12 , 78 – 80 , 82 , 91 , 103 , 108 , 109 ], depression ( n = 8, 19%) [ 11 , 12 , 78 – 80 , 108 , 110 , 111 ], psychological distress ( n = 5, 11.9%) [ 11 , 12 , 78 – 80 ], risky alcohol consumption/disorders ( n = 4, 9.5%) [ 11 , 12 , 108 , 110 ], sleep disturbance/disorders ( n = 3, 7.1%) [ 11 , 12 , 82 ], eating disorders ( n = 2, 4.8%) [ 81 , 108 ], substance abuse ( n = 1, 2.4%) [ 108 ] and gambling disorders ( n = 1, 2.4%) [ 112 ]. Nine studies (21.4%) [ 11 , 12 , 81 , 93 , 96 , 99 , 111 – 113 ] also examined the prevalence of mental ill-health amongst general elite-level coaching populations, and one study (2.4%) [ 108 ] explored the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a treatment-seeking population.…”

“…These findings were predominantly measured using a version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), including a non-specified version ( n = 9) [ 78 – 80 , 89 , 101 , 102 , 104 – 106 ], the MBI-General Scale (MBI-GS) ( n = 4) [ 87 , 88 , 93 , 96 ], MBI-Educators Survey (MBI-ES) ( n = 2) [ 98 , 99 ] and MBI-Coach (MBI-C) survey ( n = 1) [ 83 ]. Other measurement tools included the Coach Burnout Questionnaire (CBQ) ( n = 1) [ 103 ] and Coach Burnout Affect Survey ( n = 1) [ 107 ]. In addition to quantitative measures, 5 studies also utilised semi-structured interviews to explore burnout [ 45 , 83 , 97 , 98 , 100 ].…”

“…Several studies found that an elite coach’s mental health may influence their motivation ( n = 1), presenteeism ( n = 1) or work engagement ( n = 1). For instance, it was found that burnout significantly increased presenteeism [ 107 ], and emotional exhaustion contributed towards a decrease in motivation amongst elite-level coaches [ 45 ]. Further analysis revealed that an elite-level coach’s mental health may impact their coaching style, including changes in verbal communication ( n = 1) and leadership styles ( n = 1).…”

The mental health of elite-level coaches: A systematic scoping review

“…Several studies found that a coach's mental health may in uence their motivation (n = 1), presenteeism (n = 1) or work engagement (n = 1). For example, it was found that burnout signi cantly increased presenteeism [107], and emotional exhaustion contributed towards a decrease in motivation amongst elite-level coaches [45]. Further analysis revealed that an elitelevel coach's mental health may impact their coaching style, including changes in verbal communication (n = 1) and leadership styles (n = 1).…”