Burnout and secondary traumatic stress in health-system pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic

Jones, Adam; Clark, John Spencer; Mohammad, Rima A.

doi:10.1093/ajhp/zxab051

Cited by 60 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A recent study using the Maslach Burnout Inventory reported high burnout levels, specifically, 25% for emotional exhaustion, 34.9% for depersonalization, and 3% for personal accomplishment [37]. The phenomenon of high burnout among healthcare workers during stressful events has been reported in several recent studies around the world [38,39]. A significant proportion of pharmacists reported increased workload, decreased income, and less safe environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A national study on the resilience of community pharmacists in Lebanon: a cross-sectional survey

Alameddine

Bou-Karroum

Hijazi

2022

J of Pharm Policy and Pract

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Background Community pharmacists are among the most accessible healthcare professionals and are likely to experience the full brunt of public health crises. In Lebanon, the COVID-19 pandemic, added to a severe economic meltdown, have significantly disrupted an already suffering profession. Methods The objective of this study was to determine the level of resilience and its relationship to burnout, job satisfaction, intention to quit, and changes in practice. The study utilized a cross-sectional design to survey community pharmacists using an online questionnaire that included the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. All community pharmacists were invited to participate. Multiple logistic regression identified variables significantly associated with the resilience of pharmacists. Results A total of 459 community pharmacists completed the questionnaire. Respondents had a relatively low resilience level (68.0 ± 13.37). They also had higher scores on the client-related burnout (58.06 ± 17.46), followed by the personal burnout (56.51 ± 16.68) and the work-related burnout (55.75 ± 13.82). In this sample, 52.3% of pharmacists indicated that they are dissatisfied with their job and 41.1% indicated an intention to quit in the coming year. According to multivariate analysis, marital status (ß = 0.38; 95% CI 0.16–0.91; p = 0.03), intention to quit (ß = 0.384; 95% CI 0.149–0.987; p = 0.047), workload (ß = 0.275; 95% CI 0.096–0.783; p = 0.016), perception of safety (ß = 0.267; 95% CI 0.078–0.909; p = 0.035), and personal burnout (ß = 0.321; 95% CI 0.152–0.677; p = 0.003) were independent influencing factors for resilience. Conclusions Multiple challenges and crises have culminated to the low job satisfaction, high burnout, and high the intention to quit of community pharmacists. This seriously destabilized the labor market of pharmacists which could negatively affect public safety. Effective interventions are essential to enhance the well-being and job satisfaction of pharmacists during public health crisis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A national study on the resilience of community pharmacists in Lebanon: a cross-sectional survey

Alameddine

Bou-Karroum

Hijazi

2022

J of Pharm Policy and Pract

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“…A study among community pharmacists in France found that up to 35% of pharmacists reported psychological disturbances, including burnout ( Lange et al 2020 ). Another study in the USA reported that burnout affected more than half of healthcare pharmacists ( Jones et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional study to evaluate burnout among pharmacy staff in Saudi Arabia during COVID-19 pandemic

Aljuffali

Alshabanah

Almalag

2022

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal

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Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has placed healthcare workers, including pharmacists, at an increased risk of infection and has increased their workload, which could lead to burnout. Therefore, the present study aimed to measure the levels of burnout among hospital and community pharmacists in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify the risk factors associated with burnout. Methods In the present cross-sectional study, an online survey was distributed among community and hospital (inpatient, outpatient, clinical, and administration) pharmacists in Saudi Arabia. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory(CBI) survey was used to measure burnout levels. This 19-item survey covered three aspects: personal, work, and patient-related burnout. The survey included questions about socio-demographic factors and the major causes of psychological distress among pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic. Inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results A total of 502 pharmacists were included in the present study. Of these, 59.1% were categorized as having clinically relevant burnout levels(scores≥50). Univariate analysis revealed that the burnout level was significantly higher(p<0.05) among pharmacists who were younger, were females, had lesser years of experience, or worked in the community pharmacy. The main factors associated with high burnout levels among community pharmacists were younger age, lesser years of experience, male gender, non-Saudi nationality, and higher numbers of customers. In the COVID-19 part of the survey, burnout was found to be strongly related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Fears of getting infected or of a family member getting infected, fears of the pandemic lasting for too long, and increased working hours were factors contributing to increased burnout levels during the COVID-19 pandemic with unadjusted β of 8.336 and(95% CI 7.082-9.589, p value < 0.001). A lack of supportive work culture and sleeping disturbances were also found to be related to high burnout levels(p<0.001). Conclusions Pharmacy staff in Saudi Arabia were found to experience high levels of burnout. The major risk factors causing burnout included younger age, female gender, lesser years of experience, a lack of supportive work culture, sleep disturbances, worries associated with increased workload during the pandemic, fears of getting infected, and increased working hours.

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“…Additionally, the effect of attending university during a pandemic should be studied to address potential mental health implications in young pharmacists. 19…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of COVID-19 on Pharmacy Student Stress During High-Stakes, Performance-Based Assessments in Skills-Based Courses

Hettinger

Baker

Brelage

et al. 2023

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

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To compare stress levels of pharmacy students in high-stakes, performance-based assessments (PBAs) administered during skills-based laboratory courses in normal classroom environments versus pandemic classroom environments impacted by COVID-19. Methods. In 2019, prior to the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) student stress levels were assessed via a voluntary, paper-based survey before and after PBAs. Students were given a modified version of this survey in 2020 during the pandemic. The 2019 and 2020 survey responses were compared utilizing Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests.Results. Pharmacy students reported higher perceived stress levels before PBAs (3.78 vs. 3.45) and after PBAs (2.84 vs. 2.52) prior to the pandemic compared to amid pandemic. Students identified stress as negatively impacting their PBA performance in both years (3.42 vs. 3.1). Students had similar interest in wellness activities in both phases. Conclusion.Colleges of Pharmacy should consider implementing stress relief programs around high-stakes assessments as well as prioritizing wellness initiatives within curricula.

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Burnout and secondary traumatic stress in health-system pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 60 publications

References 18 publications

A national study on the resilience of community pharmacists in Lebanon: a cross-sectional survey

A national study on the resilience of community pharmacists in Lebanon: a cross-sectional survey

Cross-sectional study to evaluate burnout among pharmacy staff in Saudi Arabia during COVID-19 pandemic

The Impact of COVID-19 on Pharmacy Student Stress During High-Stakes, Performance-Based Assessments in Skills-Based Courses

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