Individual, institutional, and societal risk factors for the development of burnout can diff er for women and men physicians. While some studies on physician burnout report an increased prevalence among women, this fi nding may be due to actual diff erences in prevalence, the assessment tools used, or diff erences between/among the genders in how burnout manifests. In the following discussion paper, we review the prevalence of burnout in women physicians and contributing factors to burnout that are specifi c for women physicians. Understanding, preventing, and mitigating burnout among all physicians is critical, but such actions are particularly important for the retention of women physicians, given the increasing numbers of women in medicine and in light of the predicted exacerbation of physician shortages.