Burning mouth syndrome: Analysis of diagnostic delay in 500 patients

Adamo, Daniela; Calabria, Elena; Canfora, Federica; Coppola, Noemi; Pecoraro, Giuseppe; Daniello, L.; Aria, Massimo; Mignogna, Michele Davide; Leuci, Stefania

doi:10.1111/odi.14553

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In previous studies, it has been consistently reported that patients affected by Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) often experience salivary complaints do not show hyposalivation or hypersalivation regardless of the mensuration methods but may suffer for xerostomia, as well as a subjective sensation of sialorrhea in association with the sensation of burning [7,9,14,15]. These oral symptoms may further complicate the clinical picture making difficult the diagnosis and may increase the discomfort experienced of affected individuals [16].…”

Section: Of 20mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BMS is a complex chronic, idiopathic pain disorder characterized by a persistent burning/dysesthetic sensation in the oral cavity, lasting for more than three months in the absence of any local or systemic pathological changes often accompanied by taste alterations and oral discomfort [17]. The presence of xerostomia and subjective sensation of sialorrhea in BMS patients, sometimes simultaneously associated seems to be a contradictory association highlighting the intricate nature of BMS and emphasizes the need for a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms [7,16]. Exploring the relationship between xerostomia, sialorrhea, and the burning sensation in BMS can provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of this syndrome and contribute to more effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.…”

Section: Of 20mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clinical evaluation and symptom assessment took place in accordance with previous studies that provided a comprehensive view of the symptomatic pattern in these patients [16,23,24], and it included: disease onset (expressed in months), symptomatology variation during the day, improvement during eating, adherence to topical therapy with clonazepam, presence of any of the following symptoms burning, dysgeusia, globus, Itching, intraoral foreign body sensation, subjective halitosis, tingling, occlusal dysesthesia, change in tongue morphology, oral dyskinesia, dysosmia and their localization.…”

Section: Clinical Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salivary Complaints in Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Cross Sectional Study on 500 Patients

Canfora,

Calabria,

Spagnuolo

et al. 2023

JCM

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Background: Xerostomia and sialorrhea often accompany Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) despite no change in saliva quantity. This study analyzed BMS patients with different symptom combinations: burning only (B), burning and xerostomia (BX), burning and sialorrhea (BS), and burning with xerostomia and sialorrhea (BXS), using a large sample of 500 patients from the University of Naples Federico II. Methods: After a medical evaluation, patients were divided into four groups based on their reported symptoms: B (140), BX (253), BS (49), and BXS (58). Patient data on education, BMI, smoking/alcohol habits, comorbidities, medication use, pain intensity, quality, and psychological profile were collected. Results: The BX group showed a higher prevalence of patients taking blood thinners. Additional symptoms varied among groups, with the BX group experiencing more dysgeusia and globus, and the BS group reporting more tingling. Multivariate analysis identified BMI, dysgeusia, globus, and blood thinner use as significant factors in the B and BX groups, while male gender, tingling, alcohol use, and pain quality were significant in the BS and BXS groups. Conclusions: Overall, BMS patients display a complex range of symptoms, with xerostomia being the most frequent additional symptom. Sociodemographic, psychological, and medical factors cannot fully explain the variations in symptomatology among different patient subgroups. Further research is needed to understand the underlying causes and develop tailored treatment approaches.

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Section: Of 20mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Of 20mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salivary Complaints in Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Cross Sectional Study on 500 Patients

Canfora,

Calabria,

Spagnuolo

et al. 2023

JCM

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“…Several additional oral and extraoral symptoms have been reported, with burning negatively affecting the psychological profile and quality of life of such patients [18]. Mood disorders, sleep disturbance, and cognitive impairment frequently overlap with BMS, contributing to the aggravation of the disease [19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loneliness during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Multicentric Case-Control Italian Study

Adamo,

Ottaviani,

Canfora

et al. 2023

Depression and Anxiety

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Background. Lockdown restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic exerted a strong impact on people’s quality of life and increased loneliness. This study evaluates the effect of the pandemic on loneliness in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) compared with the general population. Methods. 100 BMS patients versus 100 healthy controls (HC) were recruited in five Italian centers. The 12-Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the short-form UCLA Loneliness Scale-8 (ULS-8), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Suicidal Ideation Attribute Scale (SIDAS) were administered. Results. BMS patients and HC showed high scores (16 [14-20.25] and 16 [14-18]) in the ULS-8. Statistically significant differences have been found considering the BMS patients lived with fewer relatives during the lockdown compared with the HC (2 [2-3] and 3 [2-4]; p : 0.012) with a lower level of satisfaction in relationships with relatives (4 [1.75-5] and 5 [4-5]; p < 0.001 ) and also in the DASS-21 total scores between the BMS patients and HC (16 [10-24.2] and 10 [4-17]; p < 0.001 ). The multivariate logistic regression revealed that age, education, DASS-21, and MSPSS were the most predictive variables and could explain 34.68% of the variance in the ULS-8 score ( p < 0.001 ) in the BMS group. However, only the DASS-21 was significant in the HC group, explaining 10.11% of the variance of the ULS-8 ( p : 0.033). Conclusions. Both the patients and controls experienced deep loneliness during the pandemic. However, in the BMS group, loneliness was significantly correlated with age, a higher level of education and stress, and a lower level of satisfaction in relationships with relatives and social support perceived compared with the controls.

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“…Irrespective of the initial trigger, the prevalence of anxiety and depression is around of 35–45% in several chronic and disabling pain conditions such as fibromyalgia, low back pain, irritable bowel syndrome, migraines, temporomandibular disorders, and burning mouth syndrome (Meda et al, 2022 ; Adamo et al, 2023 ) where mood disorders may not only contribute to pain intensity, but also predict the onset of dementia 25 years in advance with a consequent increased risk of disability for the patients (Ly et al, 2021 ).…”

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confidence: 99%