Burning behavior of sedan passenger cars

Okamoto, Katsuhiro; Watanabe, Norimichi; Hagimoto, Yasuaki; Chigira, Tadaomi; Masano, Ryoji; Miura, Hitoshi; Ochiai, Satoshi; Satoh, Hideki; Tamura, Yohsuke; Hayano, Kimio; Maeda, Yasumasa; Suzuki, Jinji

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2008.07.001

Cited by 48 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The presented model of automobile with a more elaborated geometry and more precisely specified material parameters (in comparison with the one used in Weisenpacher et al 19 ) allows to simulate processes such as thermal conduction inside automobile interior, windows breakage, fire growth in the interior and fire spread to another vehicle with higher accuracy as it was reported in Weisenpacher et al 19 A good agreement between the experimental and simulated temperatures at corresponding thermocouples influenced mainly by thermal convection and conduction (interior and luggage compartment temperature) is achieved. The total HRR obtained in the simulation is also in a good agreement with the experimental data reported in Okamoto et al 4 The time of ignition of the second automobile, as the main phenomenon caused by thermal radiation, was also simulated realistically. However, the simulated temperature at the thermocouple 2 placed above the roof which was influenced mainly by the thermal radiation of the roof differs from the experimental records and then the reliability of the data measured by this thermocouple is questionable.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…2 A series of 10 experiments (three with a single automobile, six with two automobiles and one with three automobiles parked next to one another) were carried out 3 to measure the HRR using oxygen consumption calorimetry. Four full-scale fire experiments testing fires ignited in different parts of an automobile were carried out 4 where the HRR and temperature curves were determined. Four full-scale fire experiments using minivan passenger cars were carried out to establish their burning behaviour, including passenger compartment fire.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Automobile interior fire and its spread to an adjacent vehicle

Weisenpacher

Glasa

Halada

2016

Journal of Fire Sciences

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Knowledge of the course of an automobile fire is an important issue in automobile fire safety and can have a significant impact on fire safety measures in car parks and other structures with a high concentration of automobiles. In this article, computer simulations of fire in an automobile interior and its influence on an adjacent vehicle are investigated. The results of simulations are compared with the results of the measurements obtained during a full-scale fire experiment conducted in Povazsky Chlmec (Slovakia) in 2009. The comparison confirms the accuracy of the simulation. A parameter study related to some selected material properties, which shows that seat material properties are the most important for the fire development, is described. Due to high computational requirements, a parallel version of the calculation is studied, and the influence of parallelization on performance and accuracy is tested as well. As the glass breakage is one of the most important factors affecting the course of an automobile fire, a simple practical criterion to determine when window breakage will occur is proposed.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automobile interior fire and its spread to an adjacent vehicle

Weisenpacher

Glasa

Halada

2016

Journal of Fire Sciences

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“…Fire field verification 1: according to the burning test of a full-size vehicle [5], the vehicle burning (inflammables, including petroleum, cushion, plastic products, and inner decorations) facilitated the fire spreading. It takes 800 seconds for an integrated vehicle to be swallowed by the sea of fire.…”

Section: Simulation Verification and Analysis Of The Fire Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

A research of chimney effects of fire field in a parking tower fire

Lin¹,

Ma²,

Hsu³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 2017 5th International Conference on Mechatronics, Materials, Chemistry and Computer Engineering (ICMMCCE 20

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Taiwan has significantly varying terrains, and majority of its population centralize in the plain area, where most cities are located. Most buildings here are for both commercial and residential use, and they are expanding upward in order to make use of the space better. In such high-rise buildings, parking towers are designed to facilitate parking space for vehicles. This case uses a computer numerical simulation method to simulate the expansion of a fire inside a stereo parking tower in Taipei, Taiwan. It replicates the situation of how the fire starts and studies the effects of temperature, smoke, CO concentration, and the flow of heat generated in the fire field. The results of this study can not only provide a reference to relevant companies for fire prevention design and to select fire facilities for a common parking tower but also help to arise security awareness among people who enter the parking towers.

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“…The calculated and measured temperatures were found to be in good accordance. We carried out 4 full‐scale fire experiments by using 4‐door sedan passenger cars and minivan passenger cars ignited in different parts including door glazing in various states (open or closed) to obtain the temperature and heat release rate (HRR) curves . Li et al carried out full‐scale experiments to establish the burning behavior of sedan passenger cars, which were placed side by side in reverse direction, and investigated the spread of fire to adjacent cars by monitoring fire temperature in the test room .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We carried out 4 full-scale fire experiments by using 4-door sedan passenger cars and minivan passenger cars ignited in different parts including door glazing in various states (open or closed) to obtain the temperature and heat release rate (HRR) curves. [2][3][4][5] Li et al carried out full-scale experiments to establish the burning behavior of sedan passenger cars, which were placed side by side in reverse direction, and investigated the spread of fire to adjacent cars by monitoring fire temperature in the test room. 6 Hansen et al carried out 2 full-scale fire experiments with mining vehicles in an underground and calculated the HRR from measured data of gas concentrations of oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, measured gas velocity, and measured gas temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal effect on surrounding combustibles in minivan passenger car fires

et al. 2018

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Summary In the fire safety design of parking lots and buildings, estimating the possibility of fire spreading to surrounding combustibles, such as neighboring buildings and cars, is essential. The ignition possibility to surrounding combustibles can be predicted from the heat flux from a burning car to the combustibles. In this study, we conducted 2 full‐scale car fire experiments using minivan passenger cars and measured the heat fluxes to their surroundings. The cars were ignited at the rear bumper with 80 g of alcohol gel fuel. The windows were closed. Heat flux gauges were placed around the car to measure the heat flux in various directions. Cedar boards were placed next to the gauges, and burn damage to the boards was observed. When the windows shattered in succession, combustion in the passenger compartment became larger. At a distance of 50 cm from the burning car, the heat flux was greater than 40 kW/m2, and most of the cedar boards were completely burned. At a distance of 1 m, the heat flux was 10 to 20 kW/m2, and some of the cedar boards were burned. We devised a method for modeling the shape and temperature of flames in the burning cars. Furthermore, we propose a method for calculating heat fluxes in the lateral direction of the burning minivan passenger car, and we compared the calculated and measured heat fluxes as a means of verifying the proposed method. The shape of flame in the burning car was approximated as a rectangular prism to calculate the heat flux. The calculation results were in good agreement with the experimental results. The proposed method is expected to be useful for fire safety engineering.

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Burning behavior of sedan passenger cars

Cited by 48 publications

References 2 publications

Automobile interior fire and its spread to an adjacent vehicle

Automobile interior fire and its spread to an adjacent vehicle

A research of chimney effects of fire field in a parking tower fire

Thermal effect on surrounding combustibles in minivan passenger car fires

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