Burned ear: the use of a staged Nagata technique for ear reconstruction

Free Abdominal Tissue Transfer and Utilization of the Umbilical Stalk for “Tubular” Reconstruction in Ear, Nose, and Throat Defects

“…1,3 For these extensive defects with near total or total loss of the ear, Bhandari and other authors have described the usage of either unilateral or contralateral temporoparietal flaps or radial forearm flaps to cover an auricular framework or implant. 1,[4][5][6][7] Not only is the abdominal-based free flap useful for coverage of burn defects involving the ear and reconstruction of the external auditory meatus, it is also useful for reconstruction of other tubed structures, such as external nasal and stoma openings, after neck cancer resection. Various flaps including the supraclavicular, ALT, and pectoralis major flaps, skin grafts, and other reconstructive options have been described for anterior neck skin reconstruction; however, as noted by Emerick et al and others, complicating factors, such as overlying skin contraction and history of previous radiation, and fistulas cannot only distort the external stoma and voice restoration but also lead to stomal stenosis which was reported by Chan et al to be around 47.4% and potentially even higher when associated with a local fistula.…”

Rehabilitation of a missing ear with an implant retained auricular prosthesis

“…Deformity in the burned ear may be characterized by various combinations such as: (i) The presence of scarred skin at the site of, and surrounding the ear, with dramatic loss of skin elasticity; (ii) the presence of longitudinal scars of the pinna due to previous drainage of the perichondritis as an initial trial for saving the ear; (iii) absence of different components of the framework of the ear, mostly the helix/antihelix complex (the cartilage-containing part) with or without the ear lobule. [ 5 ]…”

The burned ear; possibilities and challenges in framework reconstruction and coverage

“…When more projection is desired, the construction can be elevated by a semilunar shaped piece of cartilage in a second-stage operation [3,17]. The semilunar costal cartilage could be covered with a temporoparietal fascia flap or a mastoid flap and subsequently a full thickness skin graft [17,18]. This technique has been proven to be very effective, yielding satisfactory results.…”

“…The properties of autogenous costal cartilage allow for a durable strong biocompatible framework that can be covered by dermis. When there is insufficient healthy dermis, the framework can be covered with a temporoparietal fascial (TPF) flap [17,18]. Drawbacks include the potential necessity for multiple procedures and the harvesting of costal cartilage.…”