Burnable absorbers in nuclear reactors – A review

Evans, Jordan A.; DeHart, Mark D.; Weaver, Kevan; Keiser, Dennis D.

doi:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2022.111726

Cited by 33 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…As the world continues to address the urgent need for decarbonization and transition to renewable energy sources, REEs have emerged as critical components in various technologies, such as electric vehicles, magnetic refrigeration, fluorescent lamps, nuclear reactors, and wind turbines (Evans et al., 2022; Pavel et al., 2017; Zhou et al., 2016). Although these alternatives offer substantial environmental benefits, their widespread adoption raises concerns about the potential pollution problems associated with the extraction, production, and disposal of REE products.…”

Section: Anthropogenic Impacts On Ree Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Biogeochemical Cycle of the Rare Earth Elements

Hatje,

Schijf,

Johannesson

et al. 2024

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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To improve our understanding and guide future studies and applications, we review the biogeochemistry of the rare earth elements (REE). The REEs, which form a chemically uniform group due to their nearly identical physicochemical properties, include the lanthanide series elements plus scandium (Sc) and yttrium (Y). These elements, in conjunction with the neodymium isotopes, are powerful tools for understanding key oceanic, terrestrial, biological and even anthropogenic processes. Furthermore, their unique properties render them essential for various technological processes and products. Here, we delve into the characteristics of REE biogeochemistry and discuss normalization procedures and REE anomalies. We also examine the aqueous speciation of REEs, contributing to a better understanding of their behavior in aquatic settings, including the role of neodymium isotopes. We then focus on their environmental distribution, fractionation, and controlling processes in different environmental systems across the land‐ocean continuum. In addition, we analyze sinks, sources, and the mobility of REEs, providing insights into their behavior in these environments. We further investigate the sources of anthropogenic REEs and their bioavailability, bioaccumulation, and transfer along food webs. We also explore the potential effects of climate change on the cycling, mobility and bioavailability of REEs, underlining the importance of current research in this evolving field. In summary, we provide a comprehensive review of REE behavior in the environment, from their properties and roles to their distribution and anthropogenic impacts, offering valuable insights and pinpointing key knowledge gaps.

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Section: Anthropogenic Impacts On Ree Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Biogeochemical Cycle of the Rare Earth Elements

Hatje,

Schijf,

Johannesson

et al. 2024

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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“…• In case of use of so-called "burnable poisons" (Evans et al, 2022), gradual removal of absorber nuclides typically present in the "burnable poisons", such as 10 B, 113 Cd, 155,157 Gd, etc.…”

Section: Long-term Effects From Fuel Depletionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of power reactor kinetics and control in load-following operation modes

et al. 2023

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Previous work done on reactor kinetics and control in load-following operation modes available in open literature is reviewed. The analysis is focused on, however not limited to pressurized water reactors. Different approximations of the time-dependent neutron transport problem as well as different control algorithms are described in detail and compared. Due to lack of published information the majority of the comparisons was done on qualitative level. In order to facilitate future testing and intercomparisons of models and algorithms, two so-called reference scenarios with time-dependent power demand are defined: a scenario to test the limitations of the load-following capabilities of the nuclear facilities and a second, quasi-realistic scenario.

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“…The cost in the leftmost panel is the objective function result from Eq. (1). The red points denote designs that did not satisfy the constraint on the number of gadolinia pins.…”

Section: List Of Figuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, gadolinia absorbers have been used in PWR designs, especially those with increasing fuel enrichment. Gadolinia absorbers have extended effectiveness for reactivity suppression compared with Integral Fuel Burnable Absorber (IFBA) and operational convenience compared with wet annular burnable absorbers and Pyrex rods that are commonly used in PWR assemblies [1]. Gadolinia-loaded fuel rod locations in 17 × 17 PWR lattices with dominant fuel enrichment ranging from 4.4% to 4.95% and carrier fuel enrichment (fuel enrichment in the gadolinia rod) ranging from 2.6% to 4.7% were investigated for 6-11 wt % gadolinia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressurized Water Reactor Gadolinia Pin Location Optimization

Bae,

Mertyurek,

Asgari

2023

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Burnable absorbers in nuclear reactors – A review

Cited by 33 publications

References 106 publications

The Global Biogeochemical Cycle of the Rare Earth Elements

The Global Biogeochemical Cycle of the Rare Earth Elements

An overview of power reactor kinetics and control in load-following operation modes

Pressurized Water Reactor Gadolinia Pin Location Optimization

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