Burkholderia kururiensis sp. nov., a trichloroethylene (TCE)-degrading bacterium isolated from an aquifer polluted with TCE.

Abstract

A trichloroethylene (TCE)-degrading bacterium was isolated from an aquifer sample collected at a TCE-polluted site in Japan by enriching with phenol as sole carbon source. The isolate, designated strain KP23 T , was a Gram-negative, oval-shaped micro-organism. A phylogenetic study based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain KP23 T should be placed in the genus Burkholderia. Cellular fatty acids of the strain were mainly composed of C 16 :0 , cyclopropanic acid C 17 :0 and cyclopropanic acid C 19 :0 . Strain KP23 T also contained notable amounts of C 13 :1 and C 17 :1 . The GMC content of total DNA was 64 8 mol %. Strain KP23 T oxidized various sugars and sugar alcohols as sole carbon source such as galactose, glucose, mannose, maltose, glycerol, inositol and mannitol. Comparisons of its phenotypic and genotypic characteristics with other known species belonging to the genus Burkholderia suggested that strain KP23 T represents a new species in the genus. The name Burkholderia kururiensis is proposed for this species, with strain KP23 T as the type strain (l JCM 10599 T ).Keywords : trichloroethylene degradation, Burkholderia kururiensis sp. nov., aquifer, 16S rRNA gene INTRODUCTIONTrichloroethylene (TCE) has been used as a solvent in manufacturing to clean grease from machinery all over the world. Like many other chlorinated hydrocarbons, it has become one of the most abundant environmental pollutants because of its toxic properties and widespread occurrence in soil and groundwater in many countries. TCE removal by dumping or air stripping is restricted by legislation and thus attention is now being paid to biological degradation in soil and groundwater. In the past decade, research on the application of bacteria to the aerobic biodegradation of TCE has progressed and a wide variety of microorganisms has been investigated for this purpose. Most of these bacteria belong to the Proteobacteria such as Methylococcus capsulatus (Stainthorpe et al., 1990) Abbreviations : FAME, fatty acid methyl ester ; TCE, trichloroethylene ; UQ, ubiquinone.The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KP23 T is AB024310. OB3b (Cardy et al., 1991), Methylocystis sp. strain M (McDonald et al., 1997), Pseudomonas sp. strain CF600 (Nordlund et al., 1990), Pseudomonas putida strain H (Herrmann et al., 1995), Pseudomonas putida F1 , Pseudomonas mendocina (Yen et al., 1991), Burkholderia cepacia G4 (Shields et al., 1989), Ralstonia pickettii (objective synonym of Pseudomonas pickettii) (Byrne et al., 1995) and Ralstonia eutropha (objective synonym of Alcaligenes eutrophus) (Kim et al., 1996). Methylosinus trichosporiumIn these organisms, TCE degradation is catalysed by monoxygenases or dioxygenases which are induced by specific substrates relevant to the enzymes. The inducers include various aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons such as toluene (Nelson et al., 1987), phenol (Folsom et al., 1990Harker & Kim, 1990), isopropylbenzene (Dabrock et al., 1992), propane and methane (Little et al., 1988 ;...

History on the biological nitrogen fixation research in graminaceous plants: special emphasis on the Brazilian experience

“…This nitrogen-fixing species also included two strains isolated from human materials belonging to the older Pseudomonas cepacea species, demonstrating that the new genus is not restricted to plant materials. The other species called B. kururiensis was isolated in Japan from an aquifer area contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) (Zhang et al 2000). The ability of this species, represented only by one isolate, to fix nitrogen was demonstrated by Santos et al (2001) in a study that compared different Burkholderia strains isolated from plants grown in Mexico and from other countries including Brazil.…”

“…This new genus called Burkholderia consists of 47 species, however only three are known to fix nitrogen (Gillis et al 1995, Zhang et al 2000). The first, named B. vietnamiensis, was isolated from the rhizosphere of rice roots cultivated in the Vietnam (Gillis et al 1995).…”

Burkholderia unamae sp. nov., an N2-fixing rhizospheric and endophytic species

“…Burkholderia species of environmental origin that have been described in the last 5 years include Burkholderia graminis (Viallard et al, 1998), Burkholderia thailandensis (Brett et al, 1998), Burkholderia caribensis (Achouak et al, 1999), Burkholderia kururiensis (Zhang et al, 2000), Burkholderia uboniae (Yabuuchi et al, 2000a), which has subsequently been corrected to Burkholderia ubonensis (Yabuuchi et al, 2000b), Burkholderia caledonica and Burkholderia fungorum (Coenye et al, 2001a), Burkholderia ambifaria (Coenye et al, 2001b), Burkholderia sacchari (Brämer et al, 2001), Burkholderia anthina (Vandamme et al, 2002b), Burkholderia terricola and Burkholderia hospita (Goris et al, 2002). Recently, two nodulating strains recovered from legume plants were assigned to the genus Burkholderia as two novel species, Burkholderia tuberum and Burkholderia phymatum (Vandamme et al, 2002a).…”

Methylocaldum marinum sp. nov., a thermotolerant, methane-oxidizing bacterium isolated from marine sediments, and emended description of the genus Methylocaldum

“…Growth of the strain on methanol was examined at 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 % (v/v) methanol. Respiratory quinones, cellular fatty acid methyl esters and DNA G+C content were analysed as described previously (Hanada et al, 2002;Kamagata & Mikami, 1991;Zhang et al, 2000). Chromosomal DNA was extracted using the ArchivePure DNA Tissues kit (5 Prime Inc.).…”