Burkholderia glumae en el cultivo de arroz en Costa Rica.

Abstract

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la presencia de Burkholderia glumae en arroz en Costa Rica. La bacteria Burkholderia glumae está asociada al cultivo del arroz en el que provoca la enfermedad llamada añublo bacterial. Bajo condiciones ambientales favorables, la densidad bacteriana aumenta, lo que provoca que, bajo un sistema de regulación denominado quorum sensing, se expresen sus mecanismos de virulencia mediante la activación de genes responsables para la síntesis de la toxoflavina, que bloquea el flujo de nutrientes, para la biogénesis de flagelos y la respuesta quimiotáctica, y la producción de la enzima catalasa. Las plantas desarrollan la sintomatología que finalmente conlleva a un vaneamiento del grano provocando pérdidas económicas importantes. Se investigó la situación referente a la contaminación del grano de arroz causado por esta bacteria en Costa Rica durante los años 2009 y 2010, mediante un convenio entre la Corporación Nacional Arrocera y el Laboratorio de Fitopatología del Centro de Investigación en Protección de Cultivos de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Se usó la metodología de PCR de punto final recomendada por investigadores del Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical en Colombia y se reforzó la identificación, por medio de técnicas de microbiología convencional. Se obtuvieron resultados que indican la presencia de la bacteria en Costa Rica, la primera información sobre la prevalencia de un fitopatógeno bacteriano de gran importancia para el sector arrocero.

Seed-born Burkholderia glumae Infects Rice Seedling and Maintains Bacterial Population during Vegetative and Reproductive Growth Stage

“…In all sampling times the quantification of B. glumae concentration per gram of fresh plant was done, using semi-selective media for B. glumae (S-PG), described by Tsuchima et al (1986) and modified for Quesada-Gonzales and Garcia-Santamaria (2014) . Briefly, the plants at each evaluation time were surface disinfected, in order to guarantee that the population of B. glumae in the plant was endophytic.…”

The Burkholderia genus: between mutualism and pathogenicity

“…Little is known about the virulence factors of the Burkholderia phytopathogenic species. One of the best documented cases is that of B. glumae, which causes rice bacterial blight (Quesada-González and García-Santamaría, 2014). When the environmental conditions are favorable, the bacterial density increases (quorum sensing) and induces the expression of its virulence factors such as synthesis of toxoflavin, flagella biogenesis, chemotactic response, type III secretion system and synthesis of the catalase enzyme (Kim et al, 2007;Quesada-González and García-Santamaría, 2014).…”

“…One of the best documented cases is that of B. glumae, which causes rice bacterial blight (Quesada-González and García-Santamaría, 2014). When the environmental conditions are favorable, the bacterial density increases (quorum sensing) and induces the expression of its virulence factors such as synthesis of toxoflavin, flagella biogenesis, chemotactic response, type III secretion system and synthesis of the catalase enzyme (Kim et al, 2007;Quesada-González and García-Santamaría, 2014). The major damage factor is the synthesis of toxoflavin, a toxin that transports electrons between NADH and oxygen, without intermediation of cytochromes, and generates hydrogen peroxide, a highly toxic compound for plant tissue and microorganisms, which also obstructs the rice vascular bundles (Chung et al, 2009).…”

The conductive gel for hospital use as a culture medium for the genus Burkholderia

“…Burkholderia comprises Gram-negative bacilli, non-sporeforming, they are aerobic, oxidase and catalase positive, they inhabit the soil, water, and plant and animal tissues. 1,2 Some of the components of this genus are opportunistic in humans, such as B. pseudomallei, B. mallei and B. cepacia. 3,4 B. pseudomallei survives in various environmental niches, reflecting the ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment through specific survival mechanisms; its transmission is by inoculation into skin continuums, inhalation, or ingestion , has a high capacity to adapt and survive in stressful conditions.…”