Buried Red Rice Seed<sup>1</sup>

Goss, Willard L.; Brown, Edgar

doi:10.2134/agronj1939.00021962003100070007x

Cited by 51 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Other unfavorable conditions in the soil environment, i.e., related to moisture and gas composition, could also induce secondary dormancy. Seed dormancy contributes to the survival of seeds under field conditions for as long as 7 yr (Goss and Brown 1939), which makes red rice a persistent weed in rice production systems.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Emergence Characteristics and Influence on Rice Yield At Different Planting Dates

et al. 2009

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Cultivated rice yield losses due to red rice infestation vary by cultivar, red rice density, and duration of interference. The competition effects of red rice could be influenced further by emergence characteristics, red rice biotype, and planting time of cultivated rice. We aimed to characterize the emergence of red rice biotypes at different planting dates and evaluate the effect of red rice biotype, rice cultivar, and planting date on cultivated rice yield loss. Field experiments were conducted at the Southeast Research and Extension Center, Rohwer, AR, and at the Arkansas Rice Research and Extension Center, Stuttgart, AR, in the summer of 2005 and 2006. The experimental design was a split-split plot with three or four replications. Planting time, ClearfieldTM(CL) rice cultivar, and red rice biotype were the main plot, subplot, and sub-subplot factors, respectively. There were three planting times from mid-April to mid-May at 2-wk intervals. CL rice cultivars, CL161 and hybrid CLXL8, and 12 red rice biotypes were planted. The emergence rate and coefficient of uniformity of germination differed among some red rice biotypes within a planting time. Planting date affected the emergence characteristics of red rice biotypes. The mean emergence rate of red rice was 0.043 d−1in the mid-April planting and 0.058 d−1in the late April planting. For the mid-April planting, 50% of red rice biotypes emerged in 20 ± 2 d compared with 15 ± 2 d for CL rice cultivars. Yield losses due to red rice biotypes generally increased in later planting dates, up to 49%. Yield losses due to interference from red rice biotypes ranged from 14 to 45% and 6 to 35% in CL161 and CLXL8, respectively. Cultivated rice became less competitive with red rice in later plantings, resulting in higher yield losses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Emergence Characteristics and Influence on Rice Yield At Different Planting Dates

et al. 2009

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“…First, almost all the viable red rice florets that did not germinate at optimal temperatures within the initial 2 weeks of incubation (actually within 1 week for the range 20 -358C, data not shown) persisted in a dormant state. These ungerminated florets would be able to survive in this state for months or years (Goss and Brown, 1939;Cohn, in preparation). Secondly, cold stratification at 1 and 58C was effective in promoting subsequent germination, particularly after partial dry AR, as observed with other species, such as Ambrosia trifida (Davis, 1930), Amelanchier canadensis (Crocker and Barton, 1931), Sorbus aucuparia (Flemion, 1931), and Rhodotypos kerrioides (Flemion, 1933).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Red rice is considered to be the same species as cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), but possesses unfavourable agronomic characters such as shattering, red pericarp and seed dormancy (Noldin et al, 1999). The shattered dispersal units remain in the soil and perpetuate the weed in subsequent years (Goss and Brown, 1939). Environmental factors triggering its field germination are not known, but induction of secondary dormancy and dormancy cycling have been reported (Teekachunhatean, 1985), and the magnitude of the red rice soil seed bank suggests that such mechanisms should be important for field survival.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed dormancy in red rice. XIII: Interaction of dry-afterripening and hydration temperature

Gianinetti¹,

Cohn

2008

Seed Sci. Res.

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While red rice (Oryza sativa L.) can remain dormant and viable for many years when fully imbibed, the environmental factors that stimulate germination or induce secondary dormancy in the field have not been characterized. In this study, the interactions between the extent of dry-afterripening and germination temperature have been evaluated as possible factors. Red rice dispersal units (florets) were afterripened for 0 -10 weeks at 308C and incubated in water at 1, 5, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 358C for 2 weeks; then, all the ungerminated florets were transferred to 308C for two additional weeks. Germination at the end of each of the two sequential treatments was compared to define both the effect of differing temperatures on germination (first treatment), and the effect of these temperatures on subsequent germination at the optimum temperature (308C, second treatment). In afterripening red rice, the opening of the temperature window for germination begins at 25 -358C. Fully dormant florets acquired the ability to germinate $ 90% at 308C after 4 weeks of dry-afterripening. However, imbibing florets for 2 weeks at 158C followed by 2 weeks at 308C, yielded suboptimal germination and induced a degree of secondary dormancy, dependent upon the extent of previous dry-afterripening. Cold stratification (18C) had a consistent promotive effect on the subsequent germination, particularly when preceded by 1-2 weeks of dry-afterripening at 308C. To monitor the effects of germination temperature, median afterripening time was utilized as a relative dormancy index, and changes in this index have been interpreted as an overlapping of germination and the temperature-induced changes in the dormancy status. Field weather data suggested that low-temperature stratification may be a germination trigger in the field, even in southern Louisiana, and this merits further investigation in studies of soil-buried seeds.

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“…Usually, the seeds of weedy rice are returned to the soil seed bank before cultivated rice is harvested (Oard et al . 2000), where they may remain dormant and can persist in a viable form for many years (Goss & Brown 1939). Therefore, it is inferred that the increased level of “seed rain” from weedy rice allows a larger latent weed population in the soil and, consequently, more serious weed infestations in future seasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of weedy rice populations on the growth and yield of direct‐seeded and transplanted rice

Cao

Song

et al. 2007

Weed Biology and Management

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To examine the impact of weedy rice (Oryza sativa L. f. spontanea) populations on the growth and yield of direct-seeded and transplanted rice (Oryza sativa), a field experiment with a random two-factor design that included cultivation methods (direct-seeding and transplanting) and the density of weedy rice (0, 5, 25, and 125 plants per m 2 ) was conducted. The data from the experiment showed that weedy rice had a significantly poorer performance in the directseeded fields than in the transplanted fields in terms of its vegetative (plant height) and reproductive traits (panicle and seed production). In contrast, with the interference of weedy rice, cultivated rice showed an improved performance in the direct-seeded fields than in the transplanted fields, with a significantly higher tiller production and grain yield. The results suggest that cultivated rice can tolerate more successfully the infestation of weedy rice in direct-seeded fields because of its enhanced competitive ability compared to that in transplanted fields.

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Buried Red Rice Seed¹

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Emergence Characteristics and Influence on Rice Yield At Different Planting Dates

Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Emergence Characteristics and Influence on Rice Yield At Different Planting Dates

Seed dormancy in red rice. XIII: Interaction of dry-afterripening and hydration temperature

Impact of weedy rice populations on the growth and yield of direct‐seeded and transplanted rice

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Buried Red Rice Seed1

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Emergence Characteristics and Influence on Rice Yield At Different Planting Dates

Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Emergence Characteristics and Influence on Rice Yield At Different Planting Dates

Seed dormancy in red rice. XIII: Interaction of dry-afterripening and hydration temperature

Impact of weedy rice populations on the growth and yield of direct‐seeded and transplanted rice

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Product

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Buried Red Rice Seed¹