Buried Red Rice Seed<sup>1</sup>

Goss, W. L.; Brown, Edgar

doi:10.2134/agronj1940.00021962003200120010x

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…A large number of weed seed longevity studies (Lewis, 1973;Dawson and Bruns, 1975;Egley & Chandler, 1983;Conn & Deck, 1995;Burnside et al, 1996) has been conducted throughout the world, but only a few included red rice. The only long-term seed longevity studies reported for red rice was conducted in the United States by Goss and Brown in the 1930's (Goss & Brown 1939, 1940.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seed longevity of red rice ecotypes buried in soil

Noldin

Chandler

McCauley³

2006

Planta daninha

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-Red rice is a troublesome weed in irrigated rice production and is spread through contaminated commercial rice seed and machinery. Seed dormancy is a major trait for red rice. Studies were carried out at two locations to determine red rice seed longevity in the soil of several ecotypes from four US states. Five months after burial near Beaumont, Texas only three ecotypes had viable seed (<1%) when buried at 5 cm, but 9 ecotypes had viable seed after two years when buried at 25 cm. At the thirty-sixth month after burial, ecotypes Arkansas 2, Louisiana 2 and 4, Mississippi 4 and Texas 1 had viable seeds, but at less than 1%. Freshly harvested red rice seeds buried at 12 cm near College Station, TX, survived longer than seeds placed on the soil surface. The percentage of maximum viable seeds was 2% for blackhull type Texas 4, after 17 months. In both studies, commercial rice cultivar seeds were not viable after 5 months, regardless of their position in the soil. Under farming conditions with no fallow land preparations or deep tillage, most red rice seed germinated or was dead after 2 to 3 years, with only minor variation among ecotypes.Keywords: red rice, Oryza sativa, rice, seed survival, seed dormancy, strawhull ecotypes, blackhull ecotypes. RESUMO -O arroz-vermelho constitui-se na principal planta daninha infestante de lavouras de arroz irrigado e a sua disseminação ocorre, principalmente, pelo uso de sementes comerciais contaminadas e equipamentos agrícolas. A ocorrência de dormência nas sementes é uma das principais características que dificultam o controle do arroz-vermelho em lavouras. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a longevidade no solo de ecótipos de arroz-vermelho provenientes de diferentes áreas de produção de arroz nos Estados Unidos. O estudo foi conduzido em dois locais: Beaumont e College Station, no estado do Texas (TX). Para sementes enterradas a 5 cm de profundidade em Beaumont, apenas três ecótipos apresentaram sementes viáveis (<1%

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Goss & Brown (1939, 1940 found that commercial rice cultivar seeds were viable for less than two years in three studies conducted in Stuttgart, AR, Beaumont, TX, and Biggs, CA. However, two red rice ecotypes from southern United States had more than 20% viable seeds in Arkansas after burial at 17 cm for 10 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed longevity of red rice ecotypes buried in soil

Noldin

Chandler

McCauley³

2006

Planta daninha

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“…Seeds of red rice shatter at maturity and can remain dormant in soil (4). The conditions that promote and break dormancy in this species are not well understood.…”

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Seed Dormancy in Red Rice

Cohn¹,

Butera²,

Hughes³

1983

Plant Physiol.

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Sodium nitrite at 10 millimolar breaks dormancy of dehulled red rice (Oryza satira). While germination is light independent, low pH conditions (pH 3) are required for mimum response. Water and buffer controls at pH 3 remain dormant. The response to nitrite occurs at 25 and 30°C but is reduced at 20°C, although nondormant seeds germinate readily at this temperature. The contact time for response to nitrite is less than 2 h at the start of imbibition. Seeds imbibed first in water show reduced germination when subsequently transferred to nitrite. Dehulled seeds show little or no response to nitrate and ammonium ions.Intact seeds remain dormant in the presence of nitrite or nitrate unless partilly dry-afterripened. The pH dependence of nitrite sensitivity is reduced in intact, afterripening seeds. In highly dormant seeds, vacuum infiltration experiments suggest that the hull restricts uptake of nitrite.Red rice, an annual species, is a problem weed in rice production. Seeds of red rice shatter at maturity and can remain dormant in soil (4). The conditions that promote and break dormancy in this species are not well understood. Previously, it has been shown that freshly harvested seeds dry-afterripen at ambient temperatures. Both the hull and pericarp have a role in maintenance ofprimary dormancy in red rice. However, isolated embryos from freshly harvested seeds germinate readily (1). Primary dormancy ofdehulled red rice is broken by exogenously applied cytokinins, but there is no effect on intact seeds (2).Although there are many reports concerning the response of dormant seeds to nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium ions (e.g. 5, 11, and references therein), no information is available for red rice. As part of a comprehensive study of primary dormancy in red rice, the effects of these inorganic nitrogen compounds have been evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODSMature, strawhulled red rice (Oryza sativa) was obtained from fields at the Rice Experiment Station, Crowley, LA, in 1979LA, in , 1980LA, in , and 1981 2 To whom correspondence should be addressed.sealed glass jars at -15°C. Seed moisture during frozen storage was 12%. Unless otherwise specified, seeds from the 1980 harvest were used, and germination tests were performed at 30°C for 7 d in dark incubators. Nine-cm-diameter glass Petri dishes containing one sheet of Whatman No. 3 filter paper and 10 ml of test solution were the standard germination system. A double layer oftissue paper was used to cover the seeds to insure uniform hydration. When required, intact seeds were dehulled by hand just prior to treatments. Five replicates of 30 seeds were used for each treatment. Experiments were repeated at least three times. Chemicals used were reagent grade and stored at room temperature. Test solutions were freshly prepared for each experiment. Dilute HCI or NaOH were used to adjust the pH of solutions.Procedures for experiments regarding the effects of light, dryafterripening, and vacuum infiltration were those employed previously (2). Effects of Light. Dehulle...

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“…Há relatos de sementes que se mantiveram dormentes no solo por mais de doze anos (GROSS & BROWN, 1939), porém, nestes casos, é possível ter sido utilizada metodologia inadequada para avaliação da idade pós-colheita das sementes.…”

Section: Duração Da Dormência X Condições Pós-colheitaunclassified