Bureaucratic entrepreneurship and morality politics: Dividing lines within the state

Abstract

Based on a qualitative and quantitative research design, this article examines the implementation of a morality policy-the medical cannabis policy in Switzerland-to investigate three understudied aspects of bureaucratic entrepreneurship. First, moving away from mono-professional studies, the focus is on a policy characterized by a dispute between two groups of bureaucrats: physicians and jurists. Second, key conditions triggering bureaucratic policy entrepreneurship are identified, with a focus on mid-level administrative entrepreneurs. Third, vertical alliances between bureaucrats and politicians of the executive and legislative branches are examined and these processes are reflected in the wider perspective of the politics-administration dichotomy. Results show that law obsolescence, disputes between groups of bureaucrats and the need for political arbitration are favorable conditions for bureaucratic policy entrepreneurship. The study also shows that within the traditional separation of powers, bureaucratic entrepreneurship reinforces the executive power and creates dividing lines within the different branches of government.