Burden on caregivers of schizophrenia outpatients in Brazil: Relationship to symptomatology and functioning

Sarno, Elaine Di; Napolitano, Isabel Cristina; Louzã, Mário Rodrigues

doi:10.1177/00207640211039251

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The focus of the present study was on caregiver burden experienced by caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil using remote assessment methods. We reassessed caregivers that we had evaluated previously, before the COVID-19 pandemic (Di Sarno et al, 2021). Our prior hypothesis was that the pandemic crisis could lead to an aggravation of the burden of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, patients’ day-to-day care remains under the responsibility of family members who made up for the lack of formal government support and insufficient financial resources by caring for schizophrenia patients at home (Furtado, 2013). This responsibility consumes an average of 88.5 hours per week in caring for patients and did not increase significantly from the pre-pandemic assessment, as caregivers had already dedicated about 12 hours daily to care before the pandemic, thus restricting caregivers’ freedom and social activities (Di Sarno et al, 2021). Another evident problem in the long-term caregiving is the accumulation of tasks by a single person, which can cause problems related to the caregiver’s health (Boyer et al, 2012; Furtado, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This cross-sectional study, conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, assessed, and compared the burden of caregivers of adult outpatients with schizophrenia from the Schizophrenia Research Program (Projesq) at the Institute of Psychiatry of Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil. Of the 60 caregivers evaluated previously ( Di Sarno et al, 2021 ), 50 could be reassessed; the remaining 10 caregivers either could not be contacted, or the person evaluated previously was not the caregiver anymore. Invitations were sent via email, text messages, and telephone calls.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In São Paulo, before the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a study with 60 informal caregivers of outpatients with schizophrenia to assess factors such as symptomatology, patients’ personal, and social functioning, as well as sociodemographic data associated with objective and subjective burden on caregivers. We concluded that caregiver burden is positively associated with female patients, single patients, longer duration of the disease, and more severe cognitive symptoms ( Di Sarno et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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The burden of caregivers of schizophrenia outpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic: A same-sample comparison with the pre-pandemic burden

Sarno

Louzã

2023

Int J Soc Psychiatry

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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected the vulnerable Brazilian population. In this study, we investigated the burden of COVID-19 on caregivers for patients with schizophrenia. Objective: This study assessed objective and subjective burden of caregivers for patients with schizophrenia during the COVID-19 pandemic and compared the measurements obtained in the study to that before the pandemic. Methods: The study included 50 caregivers who were assessed using the Sociodemographic Questionnaire, and the Family Burden Interview Schedule, Brazilian version (FBIS-BR). An adaptation of the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) was made, in which caregivers evaluated their ‘clinical’ impression about the patient during the COVID-19 pandemic in comparison to pre-pandemic mental status. Results: Most caregivers were female, aged between 24 and 80 years, who were in contact with the patient for about 88.56 hours/week. In relation to caregiver burden, there was a significant increase in the total subjective burden ( p < .001), but not in the total objective burden. The following subjective domains of the burden showed a significant increase: assistance in daily life ( p < .001) and worries about patients’ present and future life ( p = .033). There was a decrease in the objective burden related to supervision of patients’ problematic behaviors ( p = .031). Although the caregiver’s income did not change significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in the percentage of caregivers who perceived the frequency of financial burden imposed by the patient as ‘very frequent’ and ‘always or almost always’; conversely there was a significant decrease in the subjective perception of the caregiver that the patient imposed financially ‘no burden’ or a ‘seldom burden’ (from 34% to 4%). Conclusion: Although the objective burden of the caregivers, during the pandemic, was similar the pre-pandemic levels, caregivers’ subjective burden increased reinforcing the need for special attention to the caregiver in this global emergency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The burden of caregivers of schizophrenia outpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic: A same-sample comparison with the pre-pandemic burden

Sarno

Louzã

2023

Int J Soc Psychiatry

Self Cite

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Distress, burden, and wellbeing in siblings of people with mental illness: a mixed studies systematic review and meta-analysis

Jayasinghe,

Wrobel,

Filia

et al. 2023

Psychol. Med.

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Background Family members of people with mental illness (MI) may experience a host of psychological adversities such as increased stress, burden, and reduced wellbeing. However, relatively little is known about siblings. This study aimed to characterise the experience of distress (viz. depressive and anxiety symptoms), burden, and wellbeing in siblings of people with MI. Methods Studies reporting on quantitative measures of depression, anxiety, burden, or wellbeing in siblings; and/or qualitative findings on siblings’ experience were eligible. The literature search was conducted up until 20th October 2022. Results Sixty-two studies comprising data from 3744 siblings were included. The pooled mean percentage of depressive symptoms fell in the mild range at 15.71 (k = 28, N = 2187, 95% CI 12.99–18.43) and anxiety symptoms fell in the minimal range at 22.45 (k = 16, N = 1122, 95% CI 17.09–27.80). Moderator analyses indicate that siblings of people with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder experience greater depressive symptoms than siblings of people with other types of MI (β = −16.38, p < 0.001). Qualitative findings suggest that individuals may be particularly vulnerable during their siblings’ illness onset and times of relapse. Limited communication, confusion about MI, and the need to compensate may contribute to siblings’ distress and/or burden. Siblings’ experience of wellbeing and caregiving were closely related. Conclusion This review highlights the complex psychological experience of siblings and the need for greater research and clinical support for this important yet often overlooked cohort.

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The Unseen: Burden in Caregivers of Patients With Schizophrenia in a Tertiary Care Institute

DEVALIYA,

TOMAR,

GUPTA

et al. 2024

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of caregiver burden in patients with schizophrenia using the burden assessment schedule (BAS). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and their respective caregivers from the patients admitted in the male and female wards of the psychiatric department to evaluate caregiver burden. The BAS is used to determine the burden on caregivers of schizophrenic patients. Results: This study revealed that 51% of the caregivers had experienced moderate levels of burden. Older caregivers experienced a significantly higher burden (p=0.03), whereas residence and educational status had no significant effect on the burden. The burden was highest among parents, followed by spouses, and the burden is positively correlated with gender and older caregivers. Conclusion: It is evident that an unaddressed burden exists among the caregivers of patients who have mental illness. It is crucial to develop strategies to lessen the load of caregiving and implement them effectively. Counseling and psychological support, though they do not directly mitigate the suffering of patients, may help improve the quality of care given by them to individuals with schizophrenia, thus overall improving the mental well-being of the whole family.

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Burden on caregivers of schizophrenia outpatients in Brazil: Relationship to symptomatology and functioning

Cited by 3 publications

References 38 publications

The burden of caregivers of schizophrenia outpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic: A same-sample comparison with the pre-pandemic burden

The burden of caregivers of schizophrenia outpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic: A same-sample comparison with the pre-pandemic burden

Distress, burden, and wellbeing in siblings of people with mental illness: a mixed studies systematic review and meta-analysis

The Unseen: Burden in Caregivers of Patients With Schizophrenia in a Tertiary Care Institute

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