Burden on caregivers of people with schizophrenia: Comparison between Germany and Britain

Roick, Christiane; Heider, Dirk; Bebbington, Paul; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Azorin, Jean‐Michel; Brugha, Traolach; Kilian, Reinhold; Johnson, Sonia; Toumi, Mondher; Kornfeld, A.

doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.025353

Cited by 118 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Previous studies generally agree that a severe level of symptoms affects the caregiver burden (2,8,9). In contrast, one recent study from Turkey reported no correlation between symptom severity and caregiver burden (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Şizofrenide bakım veren yükünün boyutları: Hastaların işlevselliğinin rolü

Pazvantoğlu¹,

Sarısoy²,

Böke³

et al. 2014

Dusunen Adam

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The dimensions of caregiver burden in schizophrenia: the role of patient functionalityObjective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between schizophrenia patients' functionalities and symptoms and caregiver burden subdimensions.Method: Ninety-two schizophrenia patients and their caregivers were included. Patient functionality was evaluated using the Functional Remission of General Schizophrenia Scale; symptom severity and type were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and caregiver burden was evaluated using the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale.Results: According to our findings, while patients' positive symptoms were uncorrelated with caregiver burden, negative symptoms exhibited a direct linear correlation with the dependency and economic burden dimensions in particular. Patients' functionalities exhibited a significant reverse correlation with almost all caregiver burden dimensions (except for impairment in social relationships). The highest correlation was with the psychological tension and impairment of private life burden dimension. Conclusion:In conclusion, a small number of negative symptoms and a good level of functionality are associated with less caregiver burden, and this correlation is more pronounced in certain burden dimensions, such as dependency, economic burden, psychological tension and impairment of private life.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Şizofrenide bakım veren yükünün boyutları: Hastaların işlevselliğinin rolü

Pazvantoğlu¹,

Sarısoy²,

Böke³

et al. 2014

Dusunen Adam

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“…We used the European Schizophrenia Cohort (EuroSC) – a naturalistic 2-year follow-up of a cohort of 1,208 European schizophrenia patients [14]. Indeed, the EuroSC cohort has been extensively used in past research, which focused on investigating treatment efficacy [15], patients’ quality of life [16–18], employment [19], social contact [20,21] and subjective feelings of security and safety [22], as well as assessing caregiver burden [23] and quantifying direct health care costs associated with managing the disease [24,25]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare resource use in schizophrenia, EuroSC findings

Millier

Horváth

Kóczián

et al. 2017

Journal of Market Access & Health Policy

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Background: It is unclear if the burden associated with schizophrenia is affected by the type and severity of patient’s symptoms. Objective: This study aims to quantify healthcare resource use associated with different profiles of schizophrenia symptoms. Study design: Post-hoc analysis of data from a naturalistic follow-up study. Setting: Secondary psychiatric services in France, Germany and the UK. Patients: EuroSC cohort:, representative sample of 1,208 schizophrenia patients Main outcome measure: We classified patients into eight health states, according to the Lenert classification (HS1–HS8), and estimated 6-month healthcare resource use (outpatient and day clinic visits, and hospitalisations) across the health states. Results: Approximately half of the patients were classed as having mild symptoms (HS1), with around 20% experiencing moderate, predominantly negative symptoms (HS2). The remaining health states were represented by <10% of patients each. Very few patients experienced extremely severe symptoms (HS8). No health state was associated with excess utilisation across all resource types. In terms of outpatient visits, patients were estimated to see a psychiatrist most often (3.01–4.15 visits over 6 months). Hospital admission was needed in 11%(HS1) – 35%(HS8) of patients and inpatient stays were generally prolonged for all health states (39–57 days). The average number of inpatient days was highest for patients in HS8 (18.17 days), followed by patients with severe negative symptoms (HS4; 13.37 days). In other health states characterised by severe symptoms (HS5–HS7), the average number of inpatient days was approximately half of those seen for HS4 (6.09–7.66). Conclusion: While none of the symptom profiles was associated with excess resource usage, hospitalization days were highest for HS with severe, predominantly negative or extremely severe symptoms. Patients with predominantly negative, moderate or severe symptoms appeared to have a high number of psychologist visits – an interesting finding that may reflect a specific therapeutic approach to the treatment of these patients.

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“…(10) The level of QOL in caregivers of the mentally ills has been found to be associated with various factors including illness factors in patients and psychosocial background of the caregivers. Severity of symptoms, illness duration, level of disabilities, perceived stigma (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18), being female caregivers with nuclear family (19), being older with lower socioeconomic status (12) and recent life crisis (20) were found to be associated with lower QOL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizophrenia in Malaysian families: A study on factors associated with quality of life of primary family caregivers

ZamZam

Midin

Hooi

et al. 2011

Int J Ment Health Syst

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Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic illness which brings detrimental effects in the caregivers' health. This study was aimed at highlighting the socio-demographic, clinical and psychosocial factors associated with the subjective Quality of Life (QOL) of Malaysian of primary family caregivers of subjects with schizophrenia attending an urban tertiary care outpatient clinic in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to study patient, caregiver and illness factors associated with the QOL among 117 individuals involved with caregiving for schizophrenia patients. The study used WHOQOL-BREF to assess caregivers' QOL and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) to assess the severity of patients' symptoms. Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) assessed the stress level due to life events. Results: The mean scores of WHOQOL-BREF in physical, psychological, social and environmental domains were 66.62 (14.36), 61.32 (15.52), 62.77 (17.33), 64.02 (14.86) consecutively. From multiple regression analysis, factors found to be significantly associated with higher QOL were higher educational level among caregivers in social and environmental domains; caregivers not having medical problem/s in physical and psychological domains; later onset and longer illness duration of illness in social domains; patients not attending day care program in environmental domain; lower BPRS score in physical and environmental domains. SRRS score of caregivers was also found to have a significant negative correlation with QOL in environmental and psychological domains. Other factors were not significantly associated with QOL. Conclusion: Caregivers with more social advantages such as higher educational level and physically healthier and dealing with less severe illness had significantly higher QOL in various aspects. Supporting the caregivers in some of these modifiable factors in clinical practice is important to achieve their higher level QOL.

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Burden on caregivers of people with schizophrenia: Comparison between Germany and Britain

Abstract: National differences in family burden may be related to different healthcare systems in Germany and Britain. Support for patients with schizophrenia may be shifted from the professional to the informal healthcare sector more in Britain than in Germany.

Cited by 118 publications

References 28 publications

Şizofrenide bakım veren yükünün boyutları: Hastaların işlevselliğinin rolü

Şizofrenide bakım veren yükünün boyutları: Hastaların işlevselliğinin rolü

Healthcare resource use in schizophrenia, EuroSC findings

Schizophrenia in Malaysian families: A study on factors associated with quality of life of primary family caregivers

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