Burden of Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Its Economic Implications in Singapore in the Year 2030

Saxena, Nakul; George, Pradeep Paul; Hoon, Heng Bee; Han, Li; Onn, Yong Shao

doi:10.1080/09286586.2016.1193617

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Conversely, however, the cost of treatment itself may markedly increase in this situation. To date, the predicted future incidence has been generally considered to estimate the future treatment burden of neovascular AMD 2,32 . However, since there must be a difference in the treatment burden between patients who underwent active treatment and who did not, the incidence of disease alone may not accurately estimate the future treatment burden.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in the Population of Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Who Underwent Long-Term Active Treatment

Baek

Kim

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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To investigate changes in the size of the population of patients who are receiving long-term, active treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This retrospective, observational study included 3,380 patients who received anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections (3,974 eyes). The injections performed were divided into the following three groups: group 1, injections performed right after the initial diagnosis; group 2, injections performed <24 months; and group 3, injection performed ≥24 months. Time-dependent changes in the proportion of injections in each group were analyzed. The total number of injections markedly increased from 431 in the 1st quarter of 2014 to 1,323 in the 4th quarter of 2018. There were significant changes in the proportion of injections in each group over time (P < 0.001). The proportions of group 1, group 2, and group 3 in the 1st quarter of 2014 were 17.4%, 65.4%, and 17.2%, respectively. The proportions changed to 10.6%, 50.2%, and 39.5% in the 4th quarter of 2018, respectively. The marked increase in the proportions of group 3 may suggest an increase in the patient population that underwent long-term active treatment. The socioeconomic influence of this trend should be considered when establishing future strategies for neovascular AMD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in the Population of Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Who Underwent Long-Term Active Treatment

Baek

Kim

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…In Singapore, while the annual direct cost of myopia correction to the individual is the lowest compared to diabetic retinopathy and wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) ( 18 , 19 , 35 , 36 ), the nation's annual direct cost of myopia correction ($755 million) alone far exceeded other ocular diseases including acute primary angle closure glaucoma ($0.26–0.29 million), dry eyes ($1.51–1.52 million) and wet AMD ($96.8–120.7 million) ( Table 2 ) ( 18 , 19 , 35 , 36 , 41 , 42 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost of Myopia Correction: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Myopia is one of the leading causes of visual impairment globally. Despite increasing prevalence and incidence, the associated cost of treatment remains unclear. Health care spending is a major concern in many countries and understanding the cost of myopia correction is the first step eluding to the overall cost of myopia treatment. As cost of treatment will reduce the burden of cost of illness, this will aid in future cost-benefit analysis and the allocation of healthcare resources, including considerations in integrating eye care (refractive correction with spectacles) into universal health coverage (UHC). We performed a systematic review to determine the economic costs of myopia correction. However, there were few studies for direct comparison. Costs related to myopia correction were mainly direct with few indirect costs. Annual prevalence-based direct costs for myopia ranged from $14-26 (USA), $56 (Iran) and $199 (Singapore) per capita, respectively (population: 274.63 million, 75.15 million and 3.79 million, respectively). Annually, the direct costs of contact lens were $198.30-$378.10 while spectacles and refractive surgeries were $342.50 and $19.10, respectively. This review provides an insight to the cost of myopia correction. Myopia costs are high from nation-wide perspectives because of the high prevalence of myopia, with contact lenses being the more expensive option. Without further interventions, the burden of illness of myopia will increase substantially with the projected increase in prevalence worldwide. Future studies will be necessary to generate more homogenous cost data and provide a complete picture of the global economic cost of myopia.

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“…In middle and low-income economies that do not offer employer public insurance schemes or subsidies these treatments are often not accessible, and if they are, they must be paid out of pocket and thus contribute to increasing nancial distress to patients and their families. A study from Singapore has estimated the economic burden of wet AMD in 2030 to be between 203.1 and 162.9 million US$ based a growth of 42% in the number of wet AMD cases by 2030 [16]. Furthermore, the burden associated with frequent clinic visit or individualized re-treatments by intravitreal injections over a long period of time for patients, caregivers, and physicians is signi cant and may lead to suboptimal outcomes because of adherence problems and underdosing [12,17].…”

Section: Read Full Licensementioning

confidence: 99%

Mingjing Granule, a Traditional Chinese Medicine in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Liang

Snellingen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundNeovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is the most common cause of irreversible vision loss and blindness among the elderly people aged 50 and over. Although anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(anti-VEGF) therapies have resulted in improving patient outcomes, there are limitations associated with these treatments. In China, Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has been used to treat eye diseases for more than 2000 years. Previous studies have shown that TCM may be beneficial for nAMD patients. However, explicit evidence has not been obtained. The purpose of the present trial is to examine the efficacy and safety of the Mingjing Granule, a compound Chinese herbal medicine, for nAMD patients. Methods/DesignThis is a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of Mingjing Granule as an add-on to intravitreous ranibizumab for nAMD. 180 nAMD patients from six hospitals in China will be enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and randomly allocated into two groups, 90 in each. All participants will receive a 24-week treatment and then be followed-up for another 24 weeks. The primary outcome is the mean change of best-corrected visual acuity at week 24 and 48 as compared to the baseline. The secondary outcomes include mean change in central retinal thickness, area of retinal hemorrhage and exudation, and TCM syndrome score, mean number of intravitreal ranibizumab injection and total cost of the treatment. Indexes of safety include blood regular test, urine regular test, liver function test, renal function test and electrocardiogram from baseline to week 24 and 48. Qualitative control and some standard operating processes will be formed throughout the trial. Any ocular or systemic adverse events will be treated suitably and related data will be recorded accurately and completely in the case report form.DiscussionBased on previous empirical and animal laboratory studies, this study will address the question of whether Mingjing Granule could contribute to improving efficacy, safety and efficiency with need for fewer intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF, improving compliance and visual outcomes in the management of persons with nAMD.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn), ChiCTR2000035990. Registered on 21 August 2020.

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Burden of Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Its Economic Implications in Singapore in the Year 2030

Abstract: The burden of wet AMD is set to increase over the next 15 years. Appropriate measures to build healthcare capacity and plan for this expected surge in patients should be a priority in Singapore.

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Increase in the Population of Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Who Underwent Long-Term Active Treatment

Increase in the Population of Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Who Underwent Long-Term Active Treatment

Cost of Myopia Correction: A Systematic Review

Mingjing Granule, a Traditional Chinese Medicine in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

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