Burden of Peripheral Artery Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean 1990 to 2015

Ganta, Nitheesha; Soherwadi, Shahabuddin; Hughes, Kakra; Gillum, Richard F.

doi:10.1177/1538574418784709

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…3 Another paper confirmed the high prevalence of PAD in African Americans, and a high burden of PAD in South Africa has been reported. 7 US national PAD mortality patterns were generally similar to patterns of PAD prevalence in a national health survey with some exceptions. In 1999 to 2000, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) measured PAD symptoms and ABI in a sample of the US population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

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Atherosclerotic Peripheral Artery Disease in the United States: Gender and Ethnic Variation in a Multiple Cause-of-Death Analysis

Nwancha

Alvarado

et al. 2020

Vasc Endovascular Surg

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Background: Atherosclerotic peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an important cause of morbidity in the United States. In this article, we conducted a multiple cause-of-death analysis of PAD to determine patterns and trends in its contribution to mortality. Methods: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention statistics data were used to determine the number of deaths with the following 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems codes selected as an underlying cause of death (UCOD) or a contributing cause considering multiple causes of death (MCOD): 170.2, 170.9, 173.9, 174.3, and 174.4. The age-adjusted death rates per 100 000 population by age, gender, race, ethnicity, and region were computed for the United States between the years 1999 and 2017. In these years, there were 47 728 569 deaths from all causes. Results: In 1999 to 2017 combined, there were a total of 311 175 deaths associated with PAD as an UCOD. However, there were 1 361 253 deaths with PAD listed as an UCOD or a contributing cause in MCOD, which is 4.3 times higher than UCOD. Age-adjusted MCOD rates were higher in males (25.6) than in females (19.4). Among non-Hispanics, the rate in African American males and females was 1.2 times higher than in Caucasians. Age-adjusted MCOD rates have declined in African Americans and Caucasians irrespective of gender from 2000 to 2017. Conclusion: Peripheral artery disease is mentioned 4 times as often on death certificates as a contributing cause of death as it is chosen as the UCOD. Overall, age-adjusted MCOD rates were higher in African Americans than Caucasians, males than females, and declined between 2000 and 2017.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…3 Another paper confirmed the high prevalence of PAD in African Americans, and a high burden of PAD in South Africa has been reported. 7…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atherosclerotic Peripheral Artery Disease in the United States: Gender and Ethnic Variation in a Multiple Cause-of-Death Analysis

Nwancha

Alvarado

et al. 2020

Vasc Endovascular Surg

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“…For example, in sub-Saharan Africa, PAD prevalence is significantly higher among females compared to males [9][10][11][12] . In contrast, few gender differences have been observed for PAD prevalence in high-income countries 8 . Despite this preliminary evidence, the existing literature for PAD in sub-Saharan Africa is from clinical samples and disease modeling efforts, representing significant limitations in the literature [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In contrast, few gender differences have been observed for PAD prevalence in high-income countries 8 . Despite this preliminary evidence, the existing literature for PAD in sub-Saharan Africa is from clinical samples and disease modeling efforts, representing significant limitations in the literature [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] . Thus, further research in sub-Saharan African countries is needed to better understand the burden and risk profile for PAD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…One chronic disease that is important in LMICs is peripheral artery disease (PAD), an atherosclerotic disorder of the lower extremities that contributes to reduced quality of life as well as increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events and premature death [4][5][6] . In fact, 73% of the global burden of PAD is concentrated in LMICs with particularly high prevalence estimates in sub-Saharan Africa where traditional risk factors, such as diabetes and hypertension, are known to be poorly controlled 7,8 . Interestingly, there is also evidence that the risk factor profile for PAD may differ in sub-Saharan African populations compared to populations in high-income countries, making PAD more difficult to predict and, thus, more difficult to identify and manage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in rural South Africa: A cross-sectional analysis of the HAALSI cohort

Beidelman¹,

Rosenberg²,

Wade³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Introduction. The burden of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is increasing in low- and middle-income countries. Existing literature from sub-Saharan Africa is limited and lacks population-representative estimates. We estimated the burden and risk factor profile of PAD for a rural South African population. Methods. We used data from 1,883 participants of the HAALSI cohort of South African adults aged 40-69 years with available ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurements. We defined clinical PAD as ABI ?0.90 or >1.40 and borderline PAD as ABI >0.90 & ?1.00. We compared the distribution of sociodemographic variables, biomarkers, and comorbidities across PAD classifications. To identify associated factors, we calculated unadjusted and age-sex-adjusted prevalence ratios with log-binomial models. Results. Overall, 6.6% (95% CI: 5.6-7.7) of the sample met the diagnostic criteria for clinical PAD while 44.7% (95% CI: 42.4-47.0) met the diagnostic criteria for borderline PAD. Age (PR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2-3.1 for ages 50-59 compared to 40-49; PR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.5-4.0 for ages 60-69 compared to 40-49) and C-reactive protein (PR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03-1.12) were associated with increased prevalence of clinical PAD. All other examined factors were not associated with clinical PAD. Conclusions. We found high PAD prevalence for younger age groups compared to previous research and a lack of evidence for the influence of traditional risk factors for this rural, low-income population. Future research should focus on identifying the underlying risk factors for PAD in this setting. South African policymakers and clinicians should consider expanded screening for early PAD detection in rural areas.

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Fouillet

Boulon

et al. 2020

La Revue de Médecine Interne

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Burden of Peripheral Artery Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean 1990 to 2015

Abstract: Estimated rate of DALYs per 100,000 was lowest in SSA. Within SSA, the rate in South Africa was highest, exceeding even HINA. Caribbean rates were intermediate.

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Atherosclerotic Peripheral Artery Disease in the United States: Gender and Ethnic Variation in a Multiple Cause-of-Death Analysis

Atherosclerotic Peripheral Artery Disease in the United States: Gender and Ethnic Variation in a Multiple Cause-of-Death Analysis

Prevalence of and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in rural South Africa: A cross-sectional analysis of the HAALSI cohort

Artériopathie oblitérante des membres inférieurs

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