Burden of Parkinson Disease in China, 1990–2019: Findings from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study

Abstract

Introduction: China has the most people with Parkinson disease (PD) in the world, and is estimated to have over half of the worldwide PD population. The objective of this study is to analyze the corresponding burden of PD in China for the past decades. Method: Data on disease burden related to PD in China were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study. The estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to assess temporal trends, and the ratio of years lived with disability (YLDs) to disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) was used as an index to evaluate the healthcare system. Result: Nationally, the burden of PD increased from 1990 to 2019. Although the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) increased, the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and age-standardized DALY rate both decreased. Age-standardized rates of PD in males remained higher than those in females, but trends in ASDR and age-standardized DALY rate for females showed a pronounced decrease. The most remarkable increase in the ASIR was in individuals aged 45 to 49 years, with an EAPC of 1.74 (95% confidence interval, 1.26 to 2.21). The YLDs : DALYs ratio continuously increased compared with global figures and even with countries with high sociodemographic index (SDI). Conclusion: Although ASDR and age-standardized DALY rates for PD have been declining, the burden of PD still needs attention, as the total numbers have increased over the period. Generally, the greater burden from PD was in males. A sound health system with services tailored to PD continues to be required in the future.

What is the Parkinson Pandemic?

“…The available data are variable, with the balance of studies suggesting stable to mildly decreasing incidence rates. Zheng et al 23 used the most recent GBD dataset to assess PRC PD incidence from 1990 to 2019. They describe a modest change in age‐standardized incidence rates over this interval: from 13.24/100,000 to 15.27/100,000 (and with diminishing age‐standardized mortality rates).…”

“…They describe a modest change in age‐standardized incidence rates over this interval: from 13.24/100,000 to 15.27/100,000 (and with diminishing age‐standardized mortality rates). Given the large PRC population, this could be a statistically significant and impactful increase in PD incidence, but Zheng et al 23 point to significantly increased awareness of and probable improved diagnosis of PD over this interval. Better ascertainment could easily explain this change in incidence.…”

Disease burden of Parkinson's disease in China and its provinces from 1990 to 2021: findings from the global burden of disease study 2021

“… 5 Although previous studies have provided comprehensive analyses at the national level regarding the burden of PD in China, detailed research on provincial differences and characteristics is still lacking. 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 Most existing studies have been confined to specific cities or limited areas. 10 Their relatively small sample sizes and methodological heterogeneity have impeded the broad comparability of statistical data.…”

A nomogram based on neuron-specific enolase and substantia nigra hyperechogenicity for identifying cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease

“…Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide, and its global burden has more than doubled over the past two decades ( 1 , 2 ). Both motor and nonmotor symptoms (NMSs) are clinical manifestations of PD, with cognitive impairment (CI) being one of the most common and devastating NMSs, influencing approximately 25–30% of the PD population ( 3 ).…”